Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.20.5.513

Dynamic response of cylindrical water storage tanks made by ECC compared to normal concrete  

Bahaei, Pouria Sheikh (Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology)
Behnamfar, Farhad (Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology)
Samani, Abdolreza Kabiri (Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology)
Publication Information
Earthquakes and Structures / v.20, no.5, 2021 , pp. 513-529 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this paper, the dynamic behaviour and seismic damages of concrete cylindrical water storage tanks are investigated. Furthermore, by modeling the reservoirs, using normal concrete and engineered cementitious composite (ECC), the effects of ECC on reducing the seismic damages of reservoirs are investigated. For this purpose, ANSYS software is used to perform the nonlinear dynamic analysis of the tanks and different parameters including the hoop force and bending moment of the wall and cracking or crushing of the concrete were examined. According to the results, the relationships and criteria provided in the ACI standard for design of tanks are recommended to be revised in certain parts. Unlike the normal concrete tanks, in those made of ECC, concrete fracture is not observed and the crack width remains very small at a level that is not problematic. Finally, the use of ECC in cylindrical water storage tanks is suggested as a strategy for reducing the seismic vulnerability of this type of hydraulic structures.
Keywords
concrete tanks; ECC; dynamic analysis; nonlinear; hysteresis; ANSYS;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 ACI 350.3-06 (2006), Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Concrete Structures and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, U.S.A.
2 ASCE 7-10 (2010), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures: Second Printing, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S.A.
3 Chen, W.F. and Han, D.J. (2007), Plasticity for Structural Engineers, J. Ross Pub., Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
4 Concrete Engineering Series 82 (2008), Recommendations for Design and Construction of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites with Multiple Fine Cracks (HPFRCC), Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Concrete Committee, Japan.
5 Desayi, P. and Krishnan, S. (1964), "Equation for the stress-strain curve of concrete", ACI J. Proceedings, 61(3). https://doi.org/10.14359/7785.   DOI
6 Douheret, G., Davis, M.I., Reis, J.C.R. and Blandamer, M.J. (2001), "Isentropic compressibilities-experimental origin and the quest for their rigorous estimation in thermodynamically ideal liquid mixtures", ChemPhysChem, 2(3), 148-161. https://doi.org/10.1002/1439-7641(20010316)2:3<148::AIDCPHC148>3.0.CO;2-J.   DOI
7 Tanaka, H. (1990), "Effect of Lateral Confining Reinforcement on the Ductile Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Columns", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
8 Hajimehrabi, H., Behnamfar, F., Kabiri Samani, A. and Goudarzi, M.A. (2019), "Fragility curves for baffled concrete cylindrical liquid-storage tanks", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 119 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.01.015.   DOI
9 ACI 350-06 (2006), Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, U.S.A.
10 Kenawy, M., Kunnath, S., Kolwankar, S. and Kanvinde, A. (2018), "Fiber-based nonlocal formulation for simulating softening in reinforced concrete beam-columns", J. Struct. Eng., 144(12), 04018217. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002218.   DOI
11 Kytinou, V.K., Chalioris, C.E., Karayannis, C.G. and Elenas, A. (2020), "Effect of steel fibers on the hysteretic performance of concrete beams with steel reinforcement-tests and analysis", Mater. (Basel), 13(13), 2923. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132923.   DOI
12 Karayannis, C.G., Izzuddin, B.A. and Elnashai, A.S. (1994), "Application of adaptive analysis to reinforced concrete frames", J. Environ. Eng., 120(10), 2935-2957. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:10(2935).   DOI
13 Keoleian, G.A., Kendall, A., Dettling, J.E., Smith, V.M., Chandler, R.F., Lepech, M.D. and Li, V.C. (2005), "Life cycle modeling of concrete bridge design: Comparison of engineered cementitious composite link slabs and conventional steel expansion joints", J. Infrastruct. Syst., 11(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2005)11:1(51).   DOI
14 Kwon, Y.H. (2011), "Optimum mix proportion of the high strength and self compacting concrete used above-ground LNG storage tank", J. Korea Concrete Institute, 23(1), 99-107. https://doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2011.23.1.099.   DOI
15 Lepech, M.D. and Li, V.C. (2008), "Large-scale processing of engineered cementitious composites", ACI Mater. J., 105(4), 358. https://doi.org/10.14359/19897.   DOI
16 Moradi, R., Behnamfar, F. and Hashemi, S. (2018), "Mechanical model for cylindrical flexible concrete tanks undergoing lateral excitation", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 106 148-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.12.008.   DOI
17 Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N. and Park, R. (1988), "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", J. Environ. Eng., 114(8), 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)07339445(1988)114:8(1804).   DOI
18 Meng, D., Huang, T., Zhang, Y. and Lee, C. (2017), "Mechanical behaviour of a polyvinyl alcohol fibre reinforced engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC) using local ingredients", Construct. Build. Mater., 141, 259-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.158.   DOI
19 Montava, I., Irles, R., Segura, J., Gadea, J.M. and Julia, E. (2019), "Numerical simulation of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) joints", Metals, 9(2), 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/met902013.   DOI
20 Moslemi, M. and Kianoush, M. (2012), "Parametric study on dynamic behavior of cylindrical ground-supported tanks", Eng. Struct., 42, 214-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.04.026.   DOI
21 Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (2021), PEER Ground Motion Database, Berkeley, https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu.
22 Sameer, R., Mundhada, A. and Metkar, S. (2012), "Comparison of RCC and prestressed concrete circular water tanks", Int. J. Emerging Technol. Advan. Eng., 2(12), 394-397.
23 Si, B., Sun, Z., Ai, Q., Wang, D. and Wang, Q. (2008), "Experiments and simulation of flexural-shear dominated RC bridge piers under reversed cyclic loading", The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Proceedings, Beijing, China.
24 Ma, D., Gvildys, J., Chang, Y. and Liu, W.K. (1982), "Seismic behavior of liquid-filled shells", Nuclear Eng. Des., 70(3), 437-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(82)90160-1.   DOI
25 Shahrjerdi, A. and Bayat, M. (2018), "The effect of composite-elastomer isolation system on the seismic response of liquid-storage tanks: Part I", Earthq. Struct., 15(5), 513-528. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.15.5.513.   DOI
26 Tsonos, A.G. (2009), "Ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced concrete: An innovative solution for strengthening old R/C structures and for improving the FRP strengthening method", WIT Trans. Eng. Sci., 64, 273-284.   DOI
27 Lepech, M.D. and Li, V.C. (2009), "Water permeability of engineered cementitious composites", Cement Concrete Compos., 31(10), 744-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.07.002.   DOI
28 Li, V.C. (2008), Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Material, Structural, and Durability Performance.
29 Rashed, A., Elwi, A. and Rogowsky, D.M. (2002), "Reinforced, partially prestressed concrete water tank walls", Struct. J., 99(3), 288-298. https://doi.org/10.14359/11912.   DOI
30 Kuebitz, K.C. and Bloomer, T. (2012), "Repairing and retrofitting prestressed concrete water tanks in seismic areas. In Alexander, Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting III, CRC Press.
31 Kent, D.C. and Park, R. (1971), "Flexural members with confined concrete", J. Struct. Div., 97(7), 1969-1990.   DOI
32 Yong, Y.K., Nour, M.G. and Nawy, E.G. (1988), "Behavior of laterally confined high-strength concrete under axial loads", J. Eng. Mech., 114(2), 332-351. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)07339445(1988)114:2(332).   DOI
33 Pu, X., Palermo, A., Cheng, Z., Shi, Z. and Marzani, A. (2020), "Seismic metasurfaces on porous layered media: Surface resonators and fluid-solid interaction effects on the propagation of Rayleigh waves", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 154, 103347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2020.103347.   DOI
34 Scott, B.D. (1980), "Stress: Strain Relationships for Confined Concrete: Rectangular sections", M.Sc. Thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
35 Yuan, F., Pan, J. and Leung, C.K.Y. (2013), "Flexural behaviors of ECC and concrete/ECC composite beams reinforced with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer", J. Compos. Construct., 17(5), 591-602. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000381.   DOI
36 Galzerano, M.B., Bressan, L.T., Cecche Lintz, R.C., Jaquie Ribeiro, L.C.L., Pires, M.S.G., Jacintho, A.E.P. and GachetBarbosa, L.A. (2013), "Application of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in the execution of reservoir of water", Advan. Mater. Res., 756(1), 121-123. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.756-759.121.   DOI
37 Ghaemmaghami, A. and Kianoush, M. (2010), "Effect of wall flexibility on dynamic response of concrete rectangular liquid storage tanks under horizontal and vertical ground motions", J. Struct. Eng., 136(4), 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0000123.   DOI
38 Hanson, R.D. (1973), "Behavior of liquid-storage tanks, the Great Alaska Earthquake of 1964", Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, Washington, D.C.
39 Izzuddin, B.A., Karayannis, C.G. and Elnashai, A.S. (1994), "Advanced nonlinear formulation for reinforced concrete beamcolumns", J. Struct. Eng., 120(10), 2913-2934. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1994)120:10(2913).   DOI
40 Jacobsen, L.S. and Ayre, R.S. (1951), "Hydrodynamic experiments with rigid cylindrical tanks subjected to transient motions", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 41(4), 313-346.   DOI
41 Kh, H.M., Ozakca, M. and Ekmekyapar, T. (2016), "Numerical and parametric studies on flexural behaviour of ECC beams by considering the effect of slag and Micro-PVA fibre", J. Advan. Res. Appl.Mech., 21 1-21.
42 Parkus, H. (1982), "Modes and frequencies of vibrating liquidfilled cylindrical tanks", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 20(2), 319-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(82)90028-3.   DOI
43 Broms, B., B. and Lutz, L., A. (1965), "Effects of arrangement of reinforcement on crack width and spacing of reinforced concrete members", ACI Journal Proceedings, 62(11). https://doi.org/10.14359/7752.   DOI
44 ACI 224R-01 (2001), Control of Cracking in Concrete Structures, American Concrete Institute, U.S.A.
45 American Lifelines Alliance (2001), Seismic Fragility Formulations for Water Systems: Guideline, American Lifelines Alliance, U.S.A.
46 ANSYS Inc. (2017), Documentation for Release 18.2.
47 Chen, W.F. (2007), Plasticity in Reinforced Concrete, J. Ross Pub., Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
48 Chopra, A.K. (2014), Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom.
49 Coffman, J.L. and Cloud, W.K. (1984), "United States Earthquakes, 1968", US Geological Survey, 84.
50 Izzuddin, B.A. and Elnashai, A.S. (1993), "Adaptive space frame analysis. Part II: a distributed plasticity approach", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings, 99(3), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1680/istbu.1993.24353.   DOI
51 Tsonos, A. (2009a), "Steel fiber high-strength reinforced concrete: A new solution for earthquake strengthening of old R/C structures", Earthq. Resistant Eng. Struct. VII, 104, 153-164. https://doi.org/10.2495/eres090141.   DOI
52 Seleemah Ayman, A. and El-Sharkawy, M. (2011), "Seismic analysis and modeling of isolated elevated liquid storage tanks", Earthq. Struct., 2(4), 397-412. https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2011.2.4.397.   DOI
53 Sheikh, S.A. and Uzumeri, S.M. (1982), "Analytical model for concrete confinement in tied columns", J. Struct. Div., 108(12), 2703-2722. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0006100.   DOI
54 Shin, K.J., Jang, K.H., Choi, Y.C. and Lee, S.C. (2015), "Flexural behavior of HPFRCC members with inhomogeneous material properties", Mater., 8(4), 1934-1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8041934.   DOI
55 Weimann, M.B. (2003), "Drying shrinkage and crack width of engineered cementitious composites (ECC)", In Brittle Matrix Composites 7, 37-46. Woodhead Publishing.
56 Yazdabad, M., Behnamfar, F. and Kabiri Samani, A. (2018), "Seismic behavioral fragility curves of concrete cylindrical water tanks for sloshing, cracking, and wall bending", Earthq. Struct., 14(2), 95-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.14.2.095.   DOI
57 Ru-deng, L. (2008), "Values of shear transfer coefficients of concrete element Solid65 in Ansys", J. Jiangsu Univ., 29(2), 169-172. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-7775.2008.02.019.   DOI
58 Housner, G.W. (1963), "The dynamic behavior of water tanks", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 53(2), 381-387.   DOI
59 Sadjadi, R. (2009), "Response of Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Liquid Containing Structures Under Cyclic Loading", Ph.D. Dissertation, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
60 Eldeeb, M.M., Metwally, K.G. and Akl, A.Y. (2016), "Investigating the efficiency of using the carbon fiber polymer on beam-column connection", Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 5(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.01.002.   DOI