Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.20.1.039

Early adjusting damping force for sloped rolling-type seismic isolators based on earthquake early warning information  

Hsu, Ting-Yu (Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology)
Huang, Chih-Hua (Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology)
Wang, Shiang-Jung (Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology)
Publication Information
Earthquakes and Structures / v.20, no.1, 2021 , pp. 39-53 More about this Journal
Abstract
By means of installing sloped rolling-type seismic isolators (SRI), the horizontal acceleration transmitted to the to-be-protected object above can be effectively and significantly reduced under external disturbance. To prevent the maximum horizontal displacement response of SRI from reaching a threshold, designing large and conservative damping force for SRI might be required, which will also enlarge the transmitted acceleration response. In a word, when adopting seismic isolation, minimizing acceleration or displacement responses is always a trade-off. Therefore, this paper proposes that by exploiting the possible information provided by an earthquake early warning system, the damping force applied to SRI which can better control both acceleration and displacement responses might be determined in advance and accordingly adjusted in a semi-active control manner. By using a large number of ground motion records with peak ground acceleration not less than 80 gal, the numerical results present that the maximum horizontal displacement response of SRI is highly correlated with and proportional to some important parameters of input excitations, the velocity pulse energy rate and peak velocity in particular. A control law employing the basic form of hyperbolic tangent function and two objective functions are considered in this study for conceptually developing suitable control algorithms. Compared with the numerical results of simply designing a constant, large damping factor to prevent SRI from pounding, adopting the recommended control algorithms can have more than 60% reduction of acceleration responses in average under the excitations. More importantly, it is effective in reducing acceleration responses under approximately 98% of the excitations.
Keywords
sloped rolling-type seismic isolator; earthquake early warning; velocity pulse energy rate; peak velocity; control algorithm;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Shahi, S.K. and Baker, J.W. (2014), "An efficient algorithm to identify strong-velocity pulses in multicomponent ground motions", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 104(5), 2456-2466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120130191.   DOI
2 Vargas, R. and Bruneau, M. (2009), "Experimental response of buildings designed with metallic structural fuses II", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 135(4), 394-403. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:4(394).   DOI
3 Wang, S.J., Hwang, J.S., Chang, K.C., Shiau, C.Y., Lin, W.C., Tsai, M.S., Hong, J.X. and Yang, Y.H. (2014), "Sloped multiroller isolation devices for seismic protection of equipment and facilities", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 43(10), 1443-1461. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2404.   DOI
4 Wang, S.J., Sung, Y.L. and Hong, J.X. (2020), "Sloped rollingtype bearings designed with linearly variable damping force", Earthq. Struct., 19(2), 129-144. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2020.19.2.129.   DOI
5 Wang, S.J., Yu, C.H., Cho, C.Y. and Hwang, J.S. (2019), "Effects of design and seismic parameters on horizontal displacement responses of sloped rolling-type seismic isolators", Struct. Control Heal. Moni., 26(5), e2342. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2342.   DOI
6 ang, S.J., Yu, C.H., Lin, W.C., Hwang, J.S. and Chang, K.C. (2017), "A generalized analytical model for sloped rolling‐type seismic isolators", Eng. Struct., 138, 434-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.12.027.   DOI
7 Wei, B., Wang, P., He, X., Zhang, Z. and Chen, L. (2017), "Effects of friction variability on a rolling-damper-spring isolation system", Earthq. Struct., 13(6), 551-559. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.13.6.551.   DOI
8 Yurdakul, M. and Ates, S. (2018), "Stochastic responses of isolated bridge with triple concave friction pendulum bearing under spatially varying ground motion", Struct. Eng. Mech., 65(6), 771-784. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.65.6.771.   DOI
9 AC156 (2010), Acceptance criteria for seismic certification by shake-table testing of nonstructural components. ICC Evaluation Service LLC.
10 Abdollahzadeh, G. and Darvishi, R. (2017), "Cyclic behavior of DCFP isolators with elliptical surfaces and different frictions", Struct. Eng. Mech., 64(6), 731-736. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.64.6.731.   DOI
11 Calabrese, A., Spizzuoco, M., Losanno, D. and Barjani, A. (2020), "Experimental and numerical investigation of wire rope devices in base isolation systems", Earthq. Struct., 18(3), 275-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2020.18.3.275.   DOI
12 Harvey Jr, P.S. and Gavin, H.P. (2014), "Double rolling isolation systems: a mathematical model and experimental validation", International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 61, 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2014.01.011.   DOI
13 Zhou, Q., Lu, X., Wang, Q., Feng, D. and Yao, Q. (1998), "Dynamic analysis on structures base isolated by a ball system with restoring property", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 27(8), 773-791. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199808)27:8<773::AID-EQE749>3.0.CO;2-A.   DOI
14 Chen, P.C. and Wang, S.J. (2016), "Improved control performance of sloped rolling-type isolation devices using embedded electromagnets", Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 24(1), 1853. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1853.   DOI
15 Chen, P.C., Hsu S.C., Zhong, Y.J. and Wang, S.J. (2019), "Realtime hybrid simulation of smart base-isolated raised floor systems for high-tech industry", Smart Struct. Syst., 23(1), 091-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.23.1.091.   DOI
16 Cui, S., Bruneau, M. and Constantinou, M.C. (2012), "Integrated design methodology for isolated floor systems in single-degreeof-freedom structural fuse systems", Report No. MCEER-12-004, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New York at Buffalo, U.S.A.
17 De Iuliis, M., Petti, L. and Palazzo, B. (2008), "Semi-active control of structures by using early warning seismic network information", Proceedings of the 4th European conference of structural control, St. Petersburg, Russia, September.
18 Erdik, M., Fahjan, Y., Ozel, O., Alcik, H., Mert, A. and Gul, M. (2003), "Istanbul earthquake rapid response and the early warning system", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 1, 157-163. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024813612271.   DOI
19 Festa, G., Zollo, A. and Lancieri, M. (2008), "Earthquake magnitude estimation from early radiated energy", Geophy. Res. Lett., 35(22), L22307. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035576.   DOI
20 Harvey Jr, P.S. and Kelly, K.C. (2016), "A review of rolling-type seismic isolation: historical development and future directions", Eng. Struct., 125, 521-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07. 031.   DOI
21 Kanda, K., Kobori, T., Ikeda, Y. and Koshida, H. (1994), "The development of a "pre-arrival transmission system for earthquake information" applied to seismic response controlled structures", Proceedings of the 1st World Conference on Structural Control, California, U.S.A, November, TA3, 23-32.
22 Harvey, Jr, P.S., Zéhil, G.P. and Gavin, H.P. (2014), "Experimental validation of a simplified model for rolling isolation systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 43(7), 1067-1088. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2387.   DOI
23 Iervolino, I. (2011), "Performance-based earthquake early warning", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 31(2), 209-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.07.010.   DOI
24 Iuliis, M.D. and Faella, C. (2013), "Effectiveness analysis of a semiactive base isolation strategy using information from an early-warning network", Eng. Struct., 52, 518-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.03.025.   DOI
25 Jangid, R.S. and Londhe, Y.B. (1998), "Effectiveness of elliptical rolling rods for base isolation", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 124(4), 469-472. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:4(469).   DOI
26 Jia, G., Gidaris, I., Taflanidis, A.A. and Mavroeidis. (2014), "Reliability-based assessment/design of floor isolation systems", Eng. Struct., 78(1), 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.07.031.   DOI
27 Kasalanati, A., Reinhorn, A.M., Constantinou, M.C. and Sanders, D. (1997), "Experimental study of ball-in-cone isolation system", Proceedings of the ASCE Structures Congress XV, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A, April.
28 Kobori, T. (2000), "Future perspective of structural control in earthquake engineering", Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, January-February, 2841.
29 Maddaloni, G., Caterino, N. and Occhiuzzi, A. (2011), "Semiactive control of the benchmark highway bridge based on seismic early warning systems", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 9, 1703. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9259-1.   DOI
30 Kumar, M., Whittaker, A.W. and Constantinou, M.C. (2015), "Characterizing friction in sliding isolation bearings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 44(9), 1409-1425. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2524.   DOI
31 Pnevmatikos, N.G. and Gantes, C.J. (2007), "Pole selection for structural control using the complex Fourier characteristics of the incoming earthquake", Struct. Control Heal. Monit., 14(3), 428-447. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.165.   DOI
32 Maddaloni, G., Caterino, N., Nestovito, G. and Occhiuzzi, A. (2013), "Use of seismic early warning information to calibrate variable dampers for structural control of a highway bridge: evaluation of the system robustness", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 11, 2407-2428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9510-z.   DOI
33 Mahmood, H. and Amirhossein, S. (2011), "Using orthogonal pairs of rollers on concave beds (OPRCB) as a base isolation system - Part I: analytical, experimental and numerical studies of OPRCB isolators", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 20(8), 928-950. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.568.   DOI
34 Nuzzo, I., Caterino, N., Maddaloni, G. and Occhiuzzi, A. (2017), "Smart hybrid isolation of a case study highway bridge exploiting seismic early warning information", Eng. Struct., 147, 134-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.05.057.   DOI
35 Pnevmatikos, N.G., Kallivokas, L.F. and Gantes, C.J. (2004), "Feed-forward control of active variable stiffness systems for mitigating seismic hazard in structures", Eng. Struct., 26(4), 471-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2003.11.003.   DOI
36 Shahbazi, P. and Taghikhany, T. (2017), "Sensitivity analysis of variable curvature friction pendulum isolator under near-fault ground motions", Smart Struct. Syst., 20(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2017.20.1.023.   DOI
37 Saha, A., Saha, P., Nestovito, G. and Patro, S.K. (2018), "Seismic protection of the benchmark highway bridge with passive hybrid control system", Earthq. Struct., 15(3), 227-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.15.3.227.   DOI