Strain demand prediction of buried steel pipeline at strike-slip fault crossings: A surrogate model approach |
Xie, Junyao
(Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta)
Zhang, Lu (Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta) Zheng, Qian (National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum-Beijing) Liu, Xiaoben (National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum-Beijing) Dubljevic, Stevan (Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta) Zhang, Hong (National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum-Beijing) |
1 | Vazouras, P., Karamanos, S.A. and Dakoulas, P. (2012), "Mechanical behavior of buried steel pipes crossing active strike-slip faults", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 41, 164-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.05.012. DOI |
2 | Vorster, T., Klar, A., Soga, K. and Mair, R. (2005), "Estimating the effects of tunneling on existing pipelines", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(11), 1399-1410. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:11(1399). DOI |
3 | Wang, J., Xie, J., Zhao, R., Zhang, L. and Duan, L. (2017), "Multisensory fusion based virtual tool wear sensing for ubiquitous manufacturing", Robotics Comput. Integrat. Manufact., 45, 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2016.05.010. DOI |
4 | Demirci, H.E., Bhattacharya, S., Karamitros, D. and Alexander, N. (2018), "Experimental and numerical modelling of buried pipelines crossing reverse faults", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 114, 198-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.06.013. DOI |
5 | Weerasekara, L. (2011), "Pipe-soil interaction aspects in buried extensible pipes", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia. https://dx.doi.org/10.14288/1.0050760. |
6 | Weerasekara, L. and Wijewickreme, D. (2008), "Mobilization of soil loads on buried, polyethylene natural gas pipelines subject to relative axial displacements", Canadian Geotech. J., 45(9), 1237-1249. https://doi.org/10.1139/T08-043. DOI |
7 | Xie, J., Zhang, L., Duan, L. and Wang, J. (2016), "On cross-domain feature fusion in gearbox fault diagnosis under various operating conditions based on transfer component analysis", in "Prognostics and Health Management (ICPHM), 2016 IEEE International Conference on", IEEE, 1-6. |
8 | Xu, L. and Lin, M. (2017), "Analysis of buried pipelines subjected to reverse fault motion using the vector form intrinsic finite element method", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 93, 61-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.12.004. DOI |
9 | Erdik, M. (2001), "Report on 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce (Turkey) earthquakes", in "Structural control for civil and infrastructure engineering", World Scientific, 149-186. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812811707_0018. |
10 | European Committee for Standardization (CEN) (2006), "EN: 1998-4:2006 EUROCODE 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance-Part 4: Silos, tanks and pipelines", European Committee for Standard. |
11 | Gantes, C.J. and Melissianos, V.E. (2016), "Evaluation of seismic protection methods for buried fuel pipelines subjected to fault rupture", Front. Built Environ., 2, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2016.00034. DOI |
12 | Ge, Z., Song, Z., Ding, S.X. and Huang, B. (2017), "Data mining and analytics in the process industry: the role of machine learning", IEEE Access, 5, 20590-20616. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2756872. DOI |
13 | Ghosh, J., Padgett, J.E. and Duenas-Osorio, L. (2013), "Surrogate modeling and failure surface visualization for efficient seismic vulnerability assessment of highway bridges", Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 34, 189-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2013.09.003. DOI |
14 | Hibbitt, D., K.B. and Sorensen, P. (2014), "ABAQUS Standard User's and Reference Manuals", in "Version 6.14. Rhode Island, U.S.A.". |
15 | Collobert, R. and Bengio, S. (2001), "SVMTorch: Support vector machines for large-scale regression problems", Journal of machine learning research, 1, 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1162/15324430152733142. DOI |
16 | Zhang, J. and Xie, R. (2019), "Numerical analysis of mechanical behavior of buried pipes in subsidence area caused by underground mining", J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 141(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4042711. DOI |
17 | Hojat Jalali, H., Rofooei, F.R. and Khajeh Ahmad Attari, N. (2018), "Performance of buried gas distribution pipelines subjected to reverse fault movement", J. Earthq. Eng., 22(6), 1068-1091. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1269694. DOI |
18 | Jalali, H.H., Rofooei, F.R., Attari, N.K.A. and Samadian, M. (2016), "Experimental and finite element study of the reverse faulting effects on buried continuous steel gas pipelines", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 86, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.04.006. DOI |
19 | Jeon, J.S., Shafieezadeh, A. and DesRoches, R. (2014), "Statistical models for shear strength of RC beam-column joints using machine-learning techniques", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 43(14), 2075-2095. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2437. DOI |
20 | Joshi, S., Prashant, A., Deb, A. and Jain, S.K. (2011), "Analysis of buried pipelines subjected to reverse fault motion", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 31(7), 930-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.02.003. DOI |
21 | Jouhaud, J.C., Sagaut, P., Montagnac, M. and Laurenceau, J. (2007), "A surrogate-model based multi-disciplinary shape optimization method with application to a 2D subsonic airfoil", Comput. Fluids, 36(3), 520-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2006.04.001. DOI |
22 | Jung, J.K., ORourke, T.D. and Argyrou, C. (2016), "Multidirectional force-displacement response of underground pipe in sand", Canadian Geotech. J., 53(11), 1763-1781. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0059. DOI |
23 | Karamanos, S.A., Keil, B. and Card, R.J. (2014), "Seismic design of buried steel water pipelines", in "Pipelines 2014: From Underground to the Forefront of Innovation and Sustainability", 1005-1019. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413692.091. |
24 | Karamanos, S.A., Sarvanis, G.C., Keil, B.D. and Card, R.J. (2017), "Analysis and design of buried steel water pipelines in seismic areas", J. Pipeline Syst. Eng. Practice, 8(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000280. DOI |
25 | Kennedy, R.P., Chow, A. and Williamson, R.A. (1977), "Fault movement effects on buried oil pipeline", Transportation Eng. J. Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 103(5), 617-633. |
26 | Khaksar, R., Moradi, M. and Ghalandarzadeh, A. (2018), "A novel experimental-numerical approach to model buried pipes subjected to reverse faulting", in "Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Volume 1", CRC Press, 565-569. |
27 | Klar, A., Vorster, T., Soga, K. and Mair, R. (2005), "Soil-pipe interaction due to tunnelling: comparison between Winkler and elastic continuum solutions", Geotech., 55(6), 461-466. http://10.1680/geot.2005.55.6.461. DOI |
28 | Kouretzis, G.P., Karamitros, D.K. and Sloan, S.W. (2015), "Analysis of buried pipelines subjected to ground surface settlement and heave", Canadian Geotech. J., 52(8), 1058-1071. http://10.1139/cgj-2014-0332. DOI |
29 | Liu, A.W., Hu, Y.X., Zhao, F.X., Li, X.J., Takada, S. and Zhao, L. (2004), "An equivalent-boundary method for the shell analysis of buried pipelines under fault movement", Acta Seismologica Sinica, 17(1), 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11589-004-0078-1. DOI |
30 | Liu, W., Guo, Q., Qiao, C. and Hou, W. (2019), "Strain design method of buried pipeline crossing fault", Eng. Failure Analysis, 105, 659-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.07.036. DOI |
31 | Liu, X., Zhang, H., Gu, X., Chen, Y., Xia, M. and Wu, K. (2017a), "Strain demand prediction method for buried X80 steel pipelines crossing oblique-reverse faults", Earthq. Struct., 12(3), 321-332. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.3.321. DOI |
32 | Liu, X., Zhang, H., Han, Y., Xia, M. and Zheng, W. (2016a), "A semi-empirical model for peak strain prediction of buried X80 steel pipelines under compression and bending at strike-slip fault crossings", J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., 32, 465-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.04.054. DOI |
33 | Liu, X., Zhang, H., Li, M., Xia, M., Zheng, W., Wu, K. and Han, Y. (2016b), "Effects of steel properties on the local buckling response of high strength pipelines subjected to reverse faulting", J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., 33, 378-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.05.036. DOI |
34 | Liu, X., Zhang, H., Ndubuaku, O., Xia, M., Roger Cheng, J., Li, Y. and Adeeb, S. (2018), "Effects of stress-strain characteristics on local buckling of X80 pipe subjected to strike-slip fault movement", J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 140(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4040314. DOI |
35 | Liu, X., Zhang, H., Wu, K., Xia, M., Chen, Y. and Li, M. (2017b), "Buckling failure mode analysis of buried X80 steel gas pipeline under reverse fault displacement", Eng. Failure Analysis, 77, 50-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.02.019. DOI |
36 | Liu, Z. and Zhang, Z. (2018), "Artificial neural network based method for seismic fragility analysis of steel frames", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 22(2), 708-717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1329-8. DOI |
37 | Mangalathu, S., Heo, G. and Jeon, J.S. (2018), "Artificial neural network based multi-dimensional fragility development of skewed concrete bridge classes", Eng. Struct., 162, 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.053. DOI |
38 | Melissianos, V.E., Korakitis, G.P., Gantes, C.J. and Bouckovalas, G.D. (2016), "Numerical evaluation of the effectiveness of flexible joints in buried pipelines subjected to strike-slip fault rupture", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 90, 395-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.09.012. DOI |
39 | Melissianos, V.E., Vamvatsikos, D. and Gantes, C.J. (2017), "Performance-based assessment of protection measures for buried pipes at strike-slip fault crossings", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 101, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.07.004. DOI |
40 | Melissianos, V.E., Vamvatsikos, D. and Gantes, C.J. (2020), "Methodology for failure mode prediction of onshore buried steel pipelines subjected to reverse fault rupture", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 135, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106116. DOI |
41 | Mohaghegh, S.D. (2006). Quantifying uncertainties associated with reservoir simulation studies using a surrogate reservoir model. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers. |
42 | Newmark, N.M. and Hall, W.J. (1975), "Pipeline design to resist large fault displacement", in "Proceedings of U.S. national conference on earthquake engineering", 1975, 416-425. |
43 | ORourke, M.J. and Liu, X. (2012), "Seismic design of buried and offshore pipelines", MCEER Monograph MCEER-12-MN04. |
44 | Park, K., Lee, G., Kim, C., Kim, J., Rhie, K. and Lee, W.B. (2020), "Comprehensive framework for underground pipeline management with reliability and cost factors using Monte Carlo simulation", J. Loss Prevent. Process Industries, 63, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2019.104035. DOI |
45 | Razavi, S., Tolson, B.A. and Burn, D.H. (2012), "Review of surrogate modeling in water resources", Water Resources Res., 48(7), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011527. DOI |
46 | Rofooei, F.R., Attari, N.K.A. and Hojat Jalali, H. (2018), "New method of modeling the behavior of buried steel distribution pipes subjected to reverse faulting", J. Pipeline Syst. Eng. Practice, 9(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000296. DOI |
47 | Rofooei, F.R., Enshaeian, A. and Nikkhoo, A. (2017), "Dynamic response of geometrically nonlinear, elastic rectangular plates under a moving mass loading by inclusion of all inertial components", J. Sound Vib., 394, 497-514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2017.01.033. DOI |
48 | Rofooei, F.R., Hojat Jalali, H., Attari Nader, K. and Alavi, M. (2012), "Full-scale laboratory testing of buried pipelines subjected to permanent ground displacement caused by reverse faulting", in "Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisboa, Portugal", 24-28. |
49 | Rofooei, F.R., Jalali, H.H., Attari, N.K.A., Kenarangi, H. and Samadian, M. (2015), "Parametric study of buried steel and high density polyethylene gas pipelines due to oblique-reverse faulting", Canadian J. Civil Eng., 42(3), 178-189. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0047. DOI |
50 | Rojhani, M., Moradi, M., Galandarzadeh, A. and Takada, S. (2012), "Centrifuge modeling of buried continuous pipelines subjected to reverse faulting", Canadian Geotech. J., 49(6), 659-670. http://10.1007/s11803-013-0159-z. DOI |
51 | Saiyar, M.S., Take, W.A. and Moore, I.D. (2015), "Post-failure fracture angle of brittle pipes subjected to differential ground movements", Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 49, 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.04.009. DOI |
52 | Sarvanis, G.C., Karamanos, S.A., Vazouras, P., Mecozzi, E., Lucci, A. and Dakoulas, P. (2018), "Permanent earthquake-induced actions in buried pipelines: Numerical modeling and experimental verification", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 47(4), 966-987. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3001. DOI |
53 | Shokouhi, S.K.S., Dolatshah, A. and Ghobakhloo, E. (2013), "Seismic strain analysis of buried pipelines in a fault zone using hybrid FEM-ANN approach", Earthq. Struct., 5(4), 417-438. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2013.5.4.417. DOI |
54 | Suykens, J.A. and Vandewalle, J. (1999), "Least squares support vector machine classifiers", Neural Processing Let., 9(3), 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018628609742. DOI |
55 | Takada, S., Hassani, N. and Fukuda, K. (2001), "A new proposal for simplified design of buried steel pipes crossing active faults", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(8), 1243-1257. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.62. DOI |
56 | Trautmann, C.H. and O'Rourke, T.D. (1985), "Lateral force-displacement response of buried pipe", J. Geotech. Eng., 111(9), 1077-1092. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1985)111:9(1077). DOI |
57 | Trifonov, O.V. (2014), "Numerical stress-strain analysis of buried steel pipelines crossing active strike-slip faults with an emphasis on fault modeling aspects", J. Pipeline Syst. Eng. Practice, 6(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000177. DOI |
58 | Tsatsis, A., Loli, M. and Gazetas, G. (2019), "Pipeline in dense sand subjected to tectonic deformation from normal or reverse faulting", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 127, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105780. DOI |
59 | Vazouras, P., Dakoulas, P. and Karamanos, S.A. (2015), "Pipe-soil interaction and pipeline performance under strike-slip fault movements", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 72, 48-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.01.014. DOI |
60 | Vazouras, P., Karamanos, S.A. and Dakoulas, P. (2010), "Finite element analysis of buried steel pipelines under strike-slip fault displacements", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30(11), 1361-1376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.06.011. DOI |
61 | American Lifelines Alliance (ALA) (2001), Guidelines for the design of buried steel pipe, American Society of Civil Engineers. |
62 | ASCE (1984), Guidelines for the seismic design of oil and gas pipeline systems, American Society of Civil Engineers. |
63 | Banushi, G., Squeglia, N. and Thiele, K. (2018), "Innovative analysis of a buried operating pipeline subjected to strike-slip fault movement", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 107, 234-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.01.015. DOI |
64 | Bishop, C.M. (2006), Pattern recognition and machine learning, volume 1, Springer. |
65 | Blanning, R.W. (1975), "The construction and implementation of metamodels", Simulation, 24(6), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1177/003754977502400606. DOI |
66 | Canadian Standards Association (2007), "Z662-07 Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems", Canadian Standards Association, Etobicoke, Ontario. |
67 | Chang, C.C. and Lin, C.J. (2011), "LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines", ACM transactions on intelligent systems and technology (TIST), 2(3), 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1145/1961189.1961199. DOI |
![]() |