[KSCI] Korea Science Citation Index Service

http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.1.053

Passive 3D motion optical data in shaking table tests of a SRG-reinforced masonry wall

De Canio, Gerardo (Qualification of Materials and Components Laboratory, ENEA)
de Felice, Gianmarco (Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University)
De Santis, Stefano (Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University)
Giocoli, Alessandro (Qualification of Materials and Components Laboratory, ENEA)
Mongelli, Marialuisa (Qualification of Materials and Components Laboratory, ENEA)
Paolacci, Fabrizio (Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University)
Roselli, Ivan (Qualification of Materials and Components Laboratory, ENEA)

Publication Information

Earthquakes and Structures / v.10, no.1, 2016 , pp. 53-71 More about this Journal

Abstract

Unconventional computer vision and image processing techniques offer significant advantages for experimental applications to shaking table testing, as they allow the overcoming of most typical problems of traditional sensors, such as encumbrance, limitations in the number of devices, range restrictions and risk of damage of the instruments in case of specimen failure. In this study, a 3D motion optical system was applied to analyze shake table tests carried out, up to failure, on a natural-scale masonry structure retrofitted with steel reinforced grout (SRG). The system makes use of wireless passive spherical retro-reflecting markers positioned on several points of the specimen, whose spatial displacements are recorded by near-infrared digital cameras. Analyses in the time domain allowed the monitoring of the deformations of the wall and of crack development through a displacement data processing (DDP) procedure implemented ad hoc. Fundamental frequencies and modal shapes were calculated in the frequency domain through an integrated methodology of experimental/operational modal analysis (EMA/OMA) techniques with 3D finite element analysis (FEA). Meaningful information on the structural response (e.g., displacements, damage development, and dynamic properties) were obtained, profitably integrating the results from conventional measurements. Furthermore, the comparison between 3D motion system and traditional instruments (i.e., displacement transducers and accelerometers) permitted a mutual validation of both experimental data and measurement methods.

Keywords

3D optical measurement; passive markers; steel reinforced grout; shaking table; structural damage monitoring; modal analysis;

Citations & Related Records

Reference

1	Razavizadeh, A., Ghiassi, B. and Oliveira, D.V. (2014), "Bond behavior of SRG-strengthened masonry units: Testing and numerical modeling", Constr. Build. Mater., 64, 387-397. DOI
2	Roselli, I., Mongelli, M., Tati, A. and De Canio, G. (2015), "Analysis of 3D motion data from shaking table tests on a scaled model of Hagia Irene, Istanbul", Key Eng. Mater., 624, 66-73.
3	Savitzky, A. and Golay, M.J.E. (1964), "Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least squares procedures", Anal. Chem., 36(8), 1627-1639. DOI
4	Stephen, G.A., Brownjohn, J.M.W. and Taylor, C.A. (1993), "Measurement of static and dynamic displacement from visual monitoring of the Humber Bridge", Eng. Struct., 15(3), 197-208. DOI
5	Valluzzi, M.R., Modena, C. and de Felice, G. (2014), "Current practice and open issues in strengthening historical buildings with composites", Mater. Struct., 47(12), 1971-1985. DOI
6	Vicon iQ System Reference-Volume II (2006), Motion capture production and control software, Oxford.
7	Ye, L., Ma, Q., Miao, Z., Guan, H. and Zhuge, Y. (2013), "Numerical and comparative study of earthquake intensity indices in seismic analysis", Struct. Des. Tall. Spec., 22(4), 362-381. DOI
8	Yoneyama, S., Kitagawa, A., Iwata, S., Tani, K. and Kikuta, H. (2007), "Bridge deflection measurement using digital image correlation", Exp. Techniq., 31(1), 34-40. DOI
9	Webster, J.G. (1999), The Measurement, Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook, CRC Press-IEEE Press.
10	Al Shawa, O., de Felice, G., Mauro, A. and Sorrentino, L. (2012), "Out-of-plane seismic behaviour of rocking masonry walls", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 41(5), 949-968. DOI
11	Ascione, L., de Felice, G. and De Santis S. (2015), "A qualification method for externally bonded Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) strengthening systems", Compos. Part. B-Eng., 78, 497-506. DOI
12	Beraldin, J.A., Latouche, C., El-Hakim, S.F. and Filiatrault, A. (2004), "Applications of photo-grammetric and computer vision techniques in shake table testing", Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (13WCEE), Vancouver, BC, Canada.
13	Calderini, C., Lagomarsino, S., Rossi, M., De Canio, G., Mongelli, M. and Roselli, I. (2015), "Shaking table tests of an arch-pillars system and design of strengthening by the use of tie-rods", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 13(1), 279-297. DOI
14	Candan, C. and Inan, H. (2014), "A unified framework for derivation and implementation of Savitzky-Golay filters", Signal Process., 104, 203-211. DOI
15	De Canio, G., Mongelli, M. and Roselli, I. (2013), "3D motion capture application to seismic tests at ENEA Casaccia research center. 3DVision system and DySCo virtual lab", Wit. Trans. Built. Env., 134, 803-814.
16	de Felice, G., De Santis, S., Garmendia, L., Ghiassi, B., Larrinaga, P., Lourenco, P.B., Oliveira, D.V., Paolacci, F. and Papanicolaou, C.G. (2014), "Mortar-based systems for externally bonded strengthening of masonry", Mater. Struct., 47(12), 2021-2037. DOI
17	Elenas, A. (2013), "Intensity parameters as damage potential descriptors of earthquakes", Compos. Meth. Appl. Sci., 22, 327-334.
18	De Santis, S. and de Felice, G. (2015a), "Tensile behaviour of mortar-based composites for externally bonded reinforcement systems", Compos. Part. B-Eng., 68, 401-413. DOI
19	De Santis, S. and de Felice, G. (2015b), "Steel reinforced grout systems for the strengthening of masonry structures", Compos. Struct., 134, 533-548. DOI
20	De Santis, S., De Canio, G., de Felice, G., Malena, M., Mongelli, M. and Roselli, I. (2015), "Seismic performance of masonry walls retrofitted with steel reinforced grout", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., doi: 10.1002/eqe.2625. DOI
21	Gallipoli, M.R., Mucciarelli, M. and Vona, M. (2009), "Empirical estimate of fundamental frequencies and damping for Italian buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38(8), 973-988. DOI
22	Hartley, R. and Zisserman, A. (2003), Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision, Cambridge University Press, UK.
23	Lunghi, F. Pavese, A., Peloso, S., Lanese, I. and Silvestri, D. (2012), "Computer vision system for monitoring in dynamic structural testing", Geotech. Geol. Earthq., 22, 159-176. DOI
24	Lyness, J.N. and Moler, C.B. (1967), "Numerical differentiation of analytic functions", SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 4(2), 202-210. DOI
25	Maia, N. and Silva, J. (1998), Theoretical and Experimental Modal Analysis, Research Studies Press, Baldock, UK.
26	Moeslund, T.B. and Granum, E. (2001), "A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture", Comput. Vis. Image. Und., 81(3), 231-268. DOI

Reference

	Marcin Tekieli. (2017) Composite Structures Application of Digital Image Correlation to composite reinforcements testing / 160 , 670
	M. Mongelli. (2016) Advances in Engineering Software Quasi real-time FEM calibration by 3D displacement measurements of large shaking table tests using HPC resources /
	Stefano De Santis. (2018) Composites Part B: Engineering Full-scale tests on masonry vaults strengthened with Steel Reinforced Grout / 141 , 20
	Stefano De Santis. (2017) Composites Part B: Engineering Test methods for Textile Reinforced Mortar systems / 127 , 121
	Stefano De Santis. (2017) Composites Part B: Engineering Round Robin Test on tensile and bond behaviour of Steel Reinforced Grout systems / 127 , 100
	Stefano de Santis. (2017) Key Engineering Materials Retrofitting Masonry Vaults with Basalt Textile Reinforced Mortar / 747 , 250
	Gianmarco de Felice. (2016) International Journal of Architectural Heritage Methods and Challenges for the Seismic Assessment of Historic Masonry Structures / , 1
	Carmelo Caggegi. (2017) Composites Part B: Engineering Experimental analysis on tensile and bond properties of PBO and aramid fabric reinforced cementitious matrix for strengthening masonry structures / 127 , 175
1757-899X	(2018) IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Mutual validation between different modal analysis techniques for dynamic identification of the so-called Temple of Minerva Medica, Rome / 364 (1757-899X) , 012004
None	(2016) Engineering structures A non-destructive testing methodology for damage assessment of reinforced concrete buildings after seismic events / 163 (None) , 122
None	(2016) Key engineering materials Shake Table Tests on a Masonry Structure Retrofitted with Composite Reinforced Mortar / 817 (None) , 342
16	(2016) Sensors Measurement of Dynamic Responses from Large Structural Tests by Analyzing Non-Synchronized Videos / 19 (16) , 3520
20	(2016) Sensors A Complementary Filter Design on SE(3) to Identify Micro-Motions during 3D Motion Tracking / 20 (20) , 5864
7	(2016) International journal of architectural heritage : conservation, analysis, and restoration Distinct Element Modelling of Masonry Walls under Out-Of-Plane Seismic Loading / 13 (7) , 1110
11	(2016) Bulletin of earthquake engineering Out-of-plane seismic retrofitting of masonry walls with Textile Reinforced Mortar composites / 17 (11) , 6265
6	(2020) Steel & Composite structures : an international journal Investigating loading rate and fibre densities influence on SRG - concrete bond behaviour / 34 (6) , 877
None	(2016) Construction & building materials Low-impact techniques for seismic strengthening fair faced masonry walls / 307 (None) , 124962