1 |
Ambraseys, N.N. and Dougla, J.S. (2003), "Near-field horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motions", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 23(1), 1-18.
DOI
|
2 |
Aschheim, M. and Montes, E.H. (2003), "The representation of P- effects using yield point spectra", Eng. Struct., 25(11), 1387-1396.
DOI
|
3 |
Beresnev, I.A., Nigthengale, A.M. and Silva, W.J. (2002), "Properties of vertical ground motions", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 92(8), 3152-3164.
DOI
|
4 |
Bernal, D. (1998), "Instability of buildings during seismic response", J. Eng. Struct., 20(4-6), 496-502.
DOI
|
5 |
Bozorgnia, Y. and Niazi, M. (1993), "Distance scaling of vertical and horizontal response spectra of the Loma Prieta Earthquake", Earthq. Eng. Struct Dyn., 22(8), 695-707.
DOI
|
6 |
Bozorgnia, Y. Campbell, K.W. and Niazi, M. (1999), "Vertical ground motion: Characteristics, relationship with horizontal component and building code implications", SMIP99 Seminar on Utilization of Strong-Motion Data, 23-50.
|
7 |
Bozorgnia, Y. and Campbell, K.W. (2004), "The vertical to horizontal response spectral ratio and tentative procedure for developing simplified V/R and vertical design spectra", J. Earthq. Eng., 8(2), 175-207.
DOI
|
8 |
Chopra, A.K. (2002), Dynamic of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering. Prentice Hall of India, 2nd edition.
|
9 |
Ichihashi, I., Morinaka, I., Minami, Y., Koyanagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y. and Hirama, T. (1993), "Non-simultaneity and combination of horizental and vertical earthq response of PWR type nuclear reactor building", 12th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Germany.
|
10 |
Kalkan, E. and Gulkan, P. (2004), "Empirical attenuation equations for vertical ground motion in Turkey", Earthq. Spectra. 2(3), 853-882.
|
11 |
Kalkan, E. and Graizer, V. (2007), "Multi-component ground motion response spectra for coupled horizontal. vertical. angular accelerations. and tilt", ISET J. Earthq. Technol., 44(1), 259-284.
|
12 |
Kalkan, E. and Graizer, V. (2008), "Response of pendulums to complex input ground motion", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 28(8), 621-631.
DOI
|
13 |
Kim. S.J., Holub. C.J. and Elnashai. A.S. (2011). "Analytical assessment of the effect of vertical earthquake motion on RC bridge piers". J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 137(2), 252-260.
DOI
ScienceOn
|
14 |
Kusunoki. K., Nakano. Y. and Okada, T. (1995), "The effect of vertical excitation on structural response seismic characteristics", Report on the January 17, 1995, Kobe Earthquake, Japan.
|
15 |
Lopez, O.A., Chopra, A.K. and Hernandez, J.J. (2001), "Evaluation of combination rules for maximum response calculation in multicomponent seismic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(9), 1379-1398.
DOI
|
16 |
MacRae, G. (1994), "P- effects on SDOF structures in earthquakes", Earthq. Spectra, 10(3), 536-538.
|
17 |
Newmark, N.M., Blume, J.A. and Kapur, K.K. (1973), "Seismic design spectra for nuclear power plants", J. Power Div., ASCE, 99(2), 287-303.
|
18 |
Papazoglou, A.J. and Elnashai, A.S. (1996), "Analytical and field evidence of the damaging effect of vertical earthquake ground motion", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 25(10), 1109-1137.
DOI
|
19 |
Salazar, A. and Haldar, A. (2000), "Structural responses considering the vertical component of earthquakes", Comput. Struct., 74(2),131-145.
DOI
|
20 |
Silva, W. (1993), "Characteristics of vertical strong ground motion for applications to engineering design", Proceedings of the FHWA/NCEER workshop on the representation of seismic ground motion for new and existing highway facilities.
|
21 |
Warn, G.P. and Whittaker, A.S. (2008), "Vertical earthquake loads on seismic isolation systems in bridges", J. Struct. Eng., 134(11), 1696-1704.
DOI
|
22 |
Xinle, L., Huijuan, D. and Xi, Z. (2007), "Engineering characteristics of near fault vertical ground motion and their effect on the seismic response of bridges", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 6(4), 345-350.
DOI
|
23 |
Yang, J. and Lee, C.M. (2007), "Characteristics of vertical and horizontal ground motions recorded during the Niigata-Ken Chuetsu, Japan Earthquake of 23 October 2004", Eng. Geol., 94(1), 50-64.
DOI
|