Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.8.1.101

Prediction of seismic cracking capacity of glazing systems  

O'Brien, William C. Jr. (Architectural Engineer, Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc.)
Memari, Ali M. (Hankin Chair in Residential Building Construction, Department of Architectural Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University)
Eeri, M. (Hankin Chair in Residential Building Construction, Department of Architectural Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University)
Publication Information
Earthquakes and Structures / v.8, no.1, 2015 , pp. 101-132 More about this Journal
Abstract
This research formulates a closed-form equation to predict a glass panel cracking failure drift for several curtain wall and storefront systems. An evaluation of the ASCE 7-10 equation for Dclear, which is the drift corresponding to glass-to-frame contact, shows that the kinematic modeling assumed for formulation of the equation is sound. The equation proposed in this paper builds on the ASCE equation and offers a revision of that equation to predict drift corresponding to cracking failure by considering glazing characteristics such as glass type, glass panel configuration, and system type. The formulation of the proposed equation and corresponding analyses with the ASCE equation is based on compiled experimental data of twenty-two different glass systems configurations tested over the past decade. A final comparative analysis between the ASCE equation and the proposed equation shows that the latter can predict the drift corresponding to glass cracking failure more accurately.
Keywords
curtain wall; drift; glass-to-frame clearance; glass failure; glass panel cracking; prediction; seismic capacity, storefront;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA), (2009), Recommended Dynamic Test Method for Determining the Seismic Drift Causing Glass Fallout from a Wall System, Publication No. AAMA 501.6-09.
2 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), (2006), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures, ASCE 7-06, ASCE, Reston, VA.
3 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), (2010), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures, ASCE 7-10, ASCE, Reston, VA.
4 Behr, R.A., Belarbi, A. and Brown, A.T. (1995), "Seismic performance of architectural glass in a storefront wall system", Earthq. Spectra, 11(3), 367-391.   DOI
5 Behr, R.A. and Belarbi, A. (1996), "Seismic test methods for architectural glazing systems", Earthq. Spectra, 12(1), 129-143.   DOI
6 Behr, R.A. (1998), "Seismic performance of architectural glass in mid-rise curtain wall", J. Architect. Eng., 4(3), 94-98.   DOI
7 Bouwkamp, J.G. and Meehan, J.F. (1960), "Drift limitations imposed by glass", Proceedings of Second World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, 1763-1778.
8 Bouwkamp, J.G. (1961), "Behavior of window panel under in-plane forces", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 51(1), 85-109.
9 Bull, E. and Cholasky, J. (2012), "A review of the behavior of structural silicone glazing systems subjected to a mega-earthquake", ASTM Int., 9(5), May 2012, DOI: 10.1520/JAI104151, 25p.   DOI
10 EERI, (1995), Northridge Earthquake Reconnaissance Report, 1, Earthquake Spectra, Supplement to Volume 11, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California.
11 Eva, C. and Hutchinson, T.C. (2011), "Experimental evaluation of the In-Plane seismic behavior of storefront window systems", Earthq. Spectra, 27(4), November 2011, 997-1021.   DOI
12 Gasparella, A., Pernigotto, G., Cappelletti, F., Romagnoni, P. and Baggio, P. (2011), "Analysis and modelling of window and glazing systems energy performance for a well insulated residential building," Energy Buildi., 43(4), April 2011, 1030-1037.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Kim, K.H. (2011), "A comparative life cycle assessment of a transparent composite facade system and a glass curtain wall system", Energy Build., 43(12), December 2011, 3436-3445.   DOI
14 Hutchinson, T.C., Zhang, J. and Eva, C. (2011), "Development of a drift protocol for seismic performance evaluation considering a damage index concept", Earthq. Spectra, 27(4), 1049-1076.   DOI
15 Hamburger, R. (2006), The ATC-58 Project: Development of Next-Generation Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering Design Criteria for Buildings, Structures Congress 2006: pp. 1-8. doi: 10.1061/40889(201)31.   DOI
16 International Code Council (ICC), (2006), International Building Code (IBC) 2006, ICC, Falls Church, VA.
17 Lee, E., Selkowitz, S., Bazjanac, V., Inkarojrit, V. and Kohler, C. (2002), High-Performance Commercial Building Facades, Lawrence Berkeley National laboratory, eScholarship, University of California, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7d30b3rd, June 2002, 133 p.
18 Memari, A.M., Behr, R.A. and Kremer, P.A. (2003), "Seismic behavior of curtain walls containing insulating glass units", J. Architect. Eng., ASCE, 9(2), 70-85.   DOI
19 Memari, A.M. (editor), (2013), Curtain Wall Systems: A Primer, ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 126, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2013, 217.
20 Memari, A.M. (2012), "Review of the performance of glazing systems in earthquakes and recent developments to mitigate damage", Proceedings of the ASCE 6th Congress on Forensic Engineering-Gateway to a Safer Tomorrow, San Francisco, CA October 31-November 3, 123-132.
21 Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) (2009), www.wbdg.org.
22 National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) (2008), Whole Building Design Guide, www.wbdg.org, prepared by the National Institute of Building Sciences, July 15.
23 O'Brien, W.C., Memari, A.M., Kremer, P.A. and Behr, R.A. (2012), "Fragility curves for architectural glass in stick-built glazing systems", Earthq. Spectra, 2(28), 639-665.
24 Richman, R.C. and Pressnail, K.D. (2009), "A more sustainable curtain wall system: Analytical modeling of the solar dynamic buffer zone (SDBZ) curtain wall", Build. Environ., 44(1), January 2009, 1-10.   DOI
25 Sucuoglu, H. and Vallabhan, C.V.G. (1997), "Behavior of window glass panels during earthquakes", Eng. Struct., 19(8), 685-694.   DOI