Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2013.5.4.417

Seismic strain analysis of buried pipelines in a fault zone using hybrid FEM-ANN approach  

Shokouhi, Seyed Kazem Sadat (Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University)
Dolatshah, Azam (Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University)
Ghobakhloo, Ehsan (Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University)
Publication Information
Earthquakes and Structures / v.5, no.4, 2013 , pp. 417-438 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was concerned on the application of a hybrid approach for analyzing the buried pipelines deformations subjected to earthquakes. Nonlinear time-history analysis of Finite Element (FE) model of buried pipelines, which was modeled using laboratory data, has been performed via selected earthquakes. In order to verify the FE model with experiments, a statistical test was done which demonstrated a good conformity. Then, the FE model was developed and the optimum intersection angle of pipeline and fault was obtained via genetic algorithm. Transient seismic strain of buried pipeline in the optimum intersection angle of pipeline and fault was investigated considering the pipes diameter, the distance of pipes from fault, the soil friction angles and seismic response duration of buried pipelines. Also, a two-layer perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was trained using results of FE model, and a nonlinear relationship was obtained to predict the bending strain of buried pipelines based on the pipes diameter, intersection angles of the pipelines and fault, the soil friction angles, distance of pipes from the fault, and seismic response duration; whereas it contains a wide range of initial input data without any requirement to laboratory measurements.
Keywords
seismic strain analysis; buried pipelines; finite element method (FEM); genetic algorithm (GA); artificial neural network (ANN);
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Goldberg, D.E. (1989), Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning, Addison-Wesley Pub. Company, Boston, USA.
2 Guo, H.Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, L.L. and Zhou, J.X. (2004), "Optimal placement of sensors for structural health monitoring using improved genetic algorithms", Smart Mater. Struct., 13(3), 528-534.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Ha, D., Abdoun, T.H., O'Rourke, M.J., Symans, M.D., O'Rourke, T.D., Palmer, M.C. and Stewart, H.E. (2008), "Centrifuge modeling of earthquake effects on buried high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipelines crossing fault zones", J. Geotech. Eng. - ASCE, 134(10), 1501-1515.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Howard, D. and Mark, B. (2006), Neural network toolbox for use with MATLAB. User's guide, The MathWorks, Inc., USA.
5 http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/
6 Jain, A.K., Mao, J. and Mohiuddin, K.M. (1996), "Artificial neural networks: a tutorial", Computer, 29(3), 31-44.
7 Jennings, P.C. (1971), "Engineering features of the San-Fernando earthquake February 9, 1971", Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Report, Pasadena, California, USA.
8 Joshi, S., Prashant, A., Deb, A. and Jain, S.K. (2011), "Analysis of buried pipelines subjected to reverse fault motion", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 31(7), 930-940.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Karamitros, D.K., Bouckovalas, G.D. and Kouretzis, G.P. (2007), "Stress analysis of buried steel pipelines at strike-slip fault crossings", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 27(3), 200-211.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Kennedy, R.P., Chow, A.W. and Williamson, R.A. (1977), "Fault movement effects on buried oil pipeline", J. Transpo. Eng., 103(5), 617-633.
11 Kennedy, R.P. and Kincaid, R.H. (1983), "Fault crossing design for buried gas oil pipelines", Proceedings of ASME-PVP Conference, Oregon, USA, June.
12 Kokavessis, N.K. and Anagnostidis, G.S. (2006), "Finite element modeling of buried pipelines subjected to seismic loads, soil structure interaction using contact elements", Proceedings of ASME-PVP Conference, Vancouver, Canada, July.
13 Lester, H.G. (2007), The Pipe/soil structure-actions and interactions: handbook of polyethylene pipe, Plastic Pipe Institute, USA.
14 ABAQUS (2010), ABAQUS user's manual, version 6.10, Simulia, USA.
15 Abdoun, T.H., Ha, D., O'Rourke, M.J., Symans, M.D., O'Rourke, T.D., Palmer, M.C. and Stewart, H.E. (2009), "Factors influencing the behavior of buried pipelines subjected to earthquake faulting", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 29(3), 415-427.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 American Lifelines Alliance-ASCE (2001), Guidelines for the design of buried steel pipe, [with addenda through February 2005], ASCE, USA.
17 AWWA (2007), AWWA Standard for Poly-Ethylene (PE) pressure pipe and fittings, American Water Works Association, USA.
18 Cheung, V. and Cannons, K. (2002), "An introduction to neural networks", University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.
19 Chipperfield, A.J., Fleming, P.J., Pohlheim, H. and Fonseca, C.M. (1994), "Genetic algorithm toolbox user's guide", ACSE Research Report No. 512, University of Sheffield, UK.
20 Choo, Y.W., Abdoun, T.H., O'Rourke, M.J. and Ha, D. (2007), "Remediation for buried pipeline systems under permanent ground deformation", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 27(12), 1043-1055.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 MaCaffrey, M.A. and O'Rourke, T.D. (1983), "Buried pipeline response to reverse faulting during the 1971 SanFernando Earthquake", Proceedings of ASME-PVP Conference, Oregon, USA, June.
22 Li, J., Liu, W. and Bao, Y. (2008), "Genetic algorithm for seismic topology optimization of lifeline network systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(11), 1295-1312.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Liang, J. and Sun, S. (2000), "Site effects on seismic behavior of pipelines: a review", J. Pressure Vessel Techn. - ASME, 122(4), 469-475.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Liu, M., Wang, Y.Y. and Yu, Z. (2008), "Response of pipelines under fault crossing", Proc. Inter' Offshore Polar Engi. Conference, Vancouver, Canada, July.
25 Moghaddas Tafreshi, S.N., Tavakoli Mehrjardi, G. and Moghaddas Tafreshi, S.M. (2007), "Analysis of buried plastic pipes in reinforced sand under repeated-load using neural network and regression model", Int. J. Civil Eng., 5(2), 118-133.
26 Nakata, T. and Hasuda, K. (1995), "Active faultI, Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake", Kagaku, 65, 127-42.
27 Newmark, N.M. and Hall, W.J. (1975), "Pipeline design to resist large fault displacement", Proce.U.S. Nat'l Conference on Earthquake Eng., Ann Arbor, USA, June.
28 Roudsari, M.T. and Hosseini, M. (2011), "Using neural network for reliability assessment of buried steel pipeline networks subjected to earthquake wave propagation", J. Appl. Sci., 11(18), 3233-3246.   DOI
29 Sinha, S.K. and Fieguth, P.W. (2006), "Neuro-fuzzy network for the classification of buried pipe defects", Autom. Constr., 15(1), 73-83.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Takada, S., Hassani, N. and Fukuda, K. (2001), "A new proposal for simplified design of buried steel pipes crossing active faults", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(8), 1243-1257.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Vazouras, P., Karamanos, S.A. and Dakoulas, P. (2010), "Finite element analysis of buried steel pipelines under strike-slip fault displacements", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30(11), 1361-1376.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Wang, L.R.L. and Yeh, Y.A. (1985), "A refined seismic analysis and design of buried pipeline for fault movement", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 13(1), 75-96.   DOI
33 Liu, W., Xu, L. and Li, J. (2012), "Algorithms for seismic topology optimization of water distribution network", Sci. China Tech. Sci., 55(11), 3047-3056.   DOI
34 Yi, T.H., Li, H.N. and Gu, M. (2011), "Optimal sensor placement for health monitoring of high-rise structure based on genetic algorithm", J. Math. Probl. Eng., Article ID 395101, 12 pages.
35 Zhao, L., Cui, C. and Li, X. (2010), "Response analysis of buried pipelines crossing fault due to overlying soil rupture", Earthq. Sci., 23(1), 111-116.   DOI
36 Dawson, C.W., Wilby, R.L., Harpham, C., Brown, M.R., Cranston, E. and Darby, E.J. (2000), "Modeling ranunculus presence in the rivers test and itchen using artificial neural networks", Proceeding of the 5th Inter'l Conference on GeoComputation, Greenwich, UK, August.
37 Desmod, T.P., Power, M.S., Taylor, C.L. and Lau, R.W. (1995), "Behavior of large-diameter pipeline at fault crossings", Proceedings of ASCE TCLEE Conference, San Diego, USA, October.
38 Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (1999), Kocaeli: Turkey Earthquake of August 17. EERI, Special Earthquake Report.
39 Goldberg, D.E. and Kuo, C.H. (1987), "Genetic algorithms in pipeline optimization", J. Comp. Civil Eng., 1(2), 128-141.   DOI   ScienceOn