Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.4.579

A large-scale test of reinforced soil railway embankment with soilbag facing under dynamic loading  

Liu, Huabei (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)
Yang, Guangqing (School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University)
Wang, He (School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University)
Xiong, Baolin (School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University)
Publication Information
Geomechanics and Engineering / v.12, no.4, 2017 , pp. 579-593 More about this Journal
Abstract
Geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls can be employed as railway embankments to carry large static and dynamic train loads, but very few studies can be found in the literature that investigate their dynamic behavior under simulated wheel loading. A large-scale dynamic test on a reinforced soil railway embankment was therefore carried out. The model embankment was 1.65 meter high and designed to have a soilbag facing. It was reinforced with HDPE geogrid layers at a vertical spacing of 0.3 m and a length of 2 m. The dynamic test consisted of 1.2 million cycles of harmonic dynamic loading with three different load levels and four different exciting frequencies. Before the dynamic loading test, a static test was also carried out to understand the general behavior of the embankment behavior. The study indicated the importance of loading frequency on the dynamic response of reinforced soil railway embankment. It also showed that toe resistance played a significant role in the dynamic behavior of the embankment. Some limitations of the test were also discussed.
Keywords
geosynthetics; reinforced soil embankment; railway; soilbag; large-scale dynamic test;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Srilatha, N., Madhavi Latha, G. and Puttappa, C.G. (2013), "Effect of frequency on seismic response of reinforced soil slopes in shaking table tests", Geotext. Geomembr., 36, 27-32.   DOI
2 Zarnani, S., El-Emam, M.M., and Bathurst, R.J. (2011), "Comparison of numerical and analytical solutions for reinforced soil wall shaking table tests", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 3(4), 291-321.   DOI
3 Tajiri, N., Sasaki, H., Nishimura, J., Ochiai, Y. and Dobashi, K. (1996). "Full-scale failure experiments of geotextile-reinforced soil walls with different facings", In: (. Ochiai, N. Yasufuku, K. Omine Eds.), Earth Reinforcement. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 525-530.
4 Tatsuoka, F. (1993), "Roles of facing rigidity in soil reinforcing", Earth Reinforcement Practice, Balkema, Vol. 2, pp. 831-870.
5 Tatsuoka, F., Tateyama, M., Uchimura, T. and Koseki, J. (1997), "Geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls as important permanent structures", Geosynth. Int., 4(2), 81-136.   DOI
6 TB 10621 (2009), Code for Design of High Speed Railway; Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China. [In Chinese]
7 Uchimura, T. and Mizuhashi, M. (2005), "Effects of reinforcement stiffness on deformation of reinforced soil structures under small cyclic loading", Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: Geotechnology in Harmony with the Global Environment, Osaka, Japan, September.
8 Uchimura, T., Tateyama, M., Tanaka, I. and Tatsuoka, F. (2003), "Performance of a preloaded-prestressed geogrid-reinforced soil pier for a railway bridge", Soils Found., 43(6), 155-171.   DOI
9 Walters, D.L. (2004), "Behavior of reinforced soil retaining walls under uniform surcharge loading", Ph.D. Thesis; Queen's University, Ontario, Canada.
10 Wang, L., Zhang, G. and Zhang, J.M. (2012), "Centrifuge model tests of geotextile-reinforced soil embankments during an earthquake", Geotext. Geomembr., 29(3), 222-232.   DOI
11 Xu, Y., Huang, J., Du, Y. and Sun, D. (2008), "Earth reinforcement using soilbags", Geotext. Geomembr., 26(3), 279-289.   DOI
12 Wang, L., Chen, G. and Chen, S. (2015), "Experimental study on seismic response of geogrid reinforced rigid retaining walls with saturated backfill sand", Geotext. Geomembr., 43(1), 35-45.   DOI
13 Wayne, M.H. and Miller, B. (1996), "Application of mechanically stabilized earth and segmental block walls", Geotext. Geomembr., 14(5-6), 277-287.   DOI
14 Wu, J.T.H., Lee, K.Z.Z. and Pham, T. (2006), "Allowable bearing pressures of bridge sills on GRS abutments with flexible facing", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(7), 830-841.   DOI
15 Wu, J.T.H., Pham, T.Q. and Adams, M.T. (2013), "Composite behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil mass", Rep. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)-HRT-10-077; Washington, DC, USA.
16 Xie, Y. and Leshchinsky, B. (2015), "MSE walls as bridge abutments: Optimal reinforcement density", Geotext. Geomembr., 43(2), 128-138.   DOI
17 Yang, G., Zhang, B., Lv, P. and Zhou, Q. (2009a), "Behaviour of geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall with concrete-rigid facing", Geotext. Geomembr., 27(5), 350-356.   DOI
18 Yang, L.A., Powrie, W. and Priest, J.A. (2009b), "Dynamic stress analysis of a ballasted railway track bed during train passage", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 135(5), 680-689.   DOI
19 Yang, G., Ding, J., Zhou, Q. and Zhang, B. (2010), "Field behavior of a geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall with a wrap-around facing", Geotech. Test. J., 33(1), Paper ID GTJ102410.
20 Ye, B., Muramatsu, D., Ye, G.L. and Zhang, F. (2011), "Numerical assessment of vibration damping effect of soilbags", Geosynth. Int., 18(4), 159-168.   DOI
21 ASTM D5030-04 (2004), Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit; ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
22 Abbasi, O., Ghanbari, A. and Hosseini, S.A.A. (2014), "An analytical method for calculating the natural frequency of reinforced retaining walls with soil-structure interaction effect", Geosynth. Int., 21(1), 53-61.   DOI
23 Abu-Hejleh, N., Zornberg, J.G., Wang, T. and Watcharamonthein, J. (2002), "Monitored displacements of unique geosynthetic-reinforced soil bridge abutments", Geosynthet. Int., 9(1), 71-95.   DOI
24 Adams, M.T., Nicks, J., Stabile, T., Wu, J.T.H., Schlatter, W. and Hartmann, J. (2011), "Geosynthetic reinforced soil integrated bridge system: Synthesis report", Rep. No. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)-HRT-11-027; Washington, DC, USA.
25 Ansari, Y., Merifield, R., Yamamoto, H. and Sheng, D. (2011), "Numerical analysis of soilbags under compression and cyclic shear", Comput. Geotech., 38(5), 659-668.   DOI
26 Arab, R., Villard, P. and Gourc, J.P. (2001), "Use of reinforced soil bearing structures", Ground Improv., 5(4), 163-175.   DOI
27 Bathurst, R.J., Vlachopoulos, N., Walters, D.L., Burgess, P.G. and Allen, T.M. (2006), "The influence of facing rigidity on the performance of two geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining wall", Can. Geotech. J., 43(12), 1225-1237.   DOI
28 Bian, X., Jiang, H., Cheng, C., Chen, Y., Chen, R. and Jiang, J. (2014), "Full-scale model testing on a ballastless high-speed railway under simulated train moving loads", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 66, 368-384.   DOI
29 Benjamim, C.V.S., Bueno, B.S. and Zornberg, J.G. (2007), "Field monitoring evaluation of geotextilereinforced soil-retaining walls", Geosynth. Int., 14(2), 100-118.   DOI
30 Bhattacharjee, A. and Krishna, A.M. (2012), "Development of numerical model of wrap-faced walls subjected to seismic excitation", Geosynth. Int., 19(5), 354-369.   DOI
31 Cai, Z. and Bathurst, R.J. (1996), "Seismic response analysis of geosynthetic reinforced soil segmental retaining walls by finite element method", Comput. Geotech., 17(4), 523-546.   DOI
32 Guler, E. and Selek, O. (2014), "Reduced-scale shaking table tests on geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls with modular facing", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 140(6), Article number: 04014015.
33 Ehrlich, M. and Mirmoradi, S.H. (2013), "Evaluation of the effects of facing stiffness and toe resistance on the behavior of GRS walls", Geotext. Geomembr., 40, 28-36.   DOI
34 El-Emam, M.M. and Bathurst, R.J. (2007), "Influence of reinforcement parameters on the seismic response of reduced-scale reinforced soil retaining walls", Geotext. Geomembr., 25(1), 33-49.   DOI
35 Fukubayashi, Y. and Kimura, M. (2014), "Improvement of rural access roads in developing countries with initiative for self-reliance of communities", Soils Found., 54(1), 23-35.   DOI
36 Hatami, K. and Bathurst, R.J. (2006), "Numerical model for reinforced soil segmental walls under surcharge loading", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(6), 673-684.   DOI
37 Kachi, T., Kobayashi, M., Seki, M. and Koseki, J. (2013), "Reinforcement of railway ballasted track with geosynthetic bags for preventing derailment", Geosynth. Int., 20(5), 316-331.   DOI
38 Helwany, M.B., Tatsuoka, F., Tateyama, M. and Kojima, K. (1996), "Effects of facing rigidity on the performance of geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls", Soils Found., 36(1), 27-38.   DOI
39 Huang, C.C., Matsushima, K., Mohri, Y. and Tatsuoka, F. (2008), "Analysis of sand slopes stabilized with facing of soil bags with extended reinforcement strips", Geosynth. Int., 15(4), 232-245.   DOI
40 Huang, B., Bathurst, R.J., Hatami, K. and Allen, T.M. (2010), "Influence of toe restraint on reinforced soil segmental walls", Can. Geotech. J., 47(8), 885-904.   DOI
41 Komak Panah, A., Yazdi, M. and Ghalandarzadeh, A. (2015), "Shaking table tests on soil retaining walls reinforced by polymeric strips", Geotext. Geomembr., 43(2), 148-161.   DOI
42 Ling, H.I., Leshchinsky, D., Mohri, Y. and Wang, J.P. (2012), "Earthquake response of reinforced segmental retaining walls backfilled with substantial percentage of fines", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 138(8), 934-944.   DOI
43 Koseki, J. (2012), "Use of geosynthetics to improve seismic performance of earth structures", Geotext. Geomembr., 34, 51-68.   DOI
44 Lee, K.Z.Z. and Chang, N.Y. (2012), "Predictive modeling on seismic performances of geosyntheticreinforced soil walls", Geotext. Geomembr., 35, 25-40.   DOI
45 Leshchinsky, D. and Vahedifard, F. (2011), "Impact of toe resistance in reinforced masonry block walls: Design dilemma", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 138(2), 236-240.
46 Liu, H., Wang, X. and Song, E. (2011), "Reinforcement load and deformation mode of geosyntheticreinforced soil walls subject to seismic loading during service life", Geotext. Geomembr., 29(1), 1-16.   DOI
47 Liu, H. (2009), "Analyzing the reinforcement loads of geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls subject to seismic loading during the service life", J. Perform Constr. Facil., 23(5), 292-302.   DOI
48 Liu, H. (2015), "Reinforcement load and compression of reinforced soil mass under surcharge loading," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 141(6), Article No. 04015017.
49 Liu, H. and Ling, H.I. (2012), "Seismic responses of reinforced soil retaining walls and the strain softening of backfill soils", Int. J. Geomech., 12(4), 351-356.   DOI
50 Liu, H., Yang, G. and Ling, H.I. (2014a), "Seismic response of multi-tiered reinforced soil retaining walls", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng, 61-62, 1-12.   DOI
51 Liu, S.H., Gao, J.J., Wang, Y.Q. and Weng, L.P. (2014b), "Experimental study on vibration reduction by using soilbags", Geotext. Geomembr., 42, 52-62.   DOI
52 Nakagawa, Y., Chen, G.L., Tatsui, T. and Chida, S. (2008), "Verification of vibration reduction characteristics with soilbag structure", Proceedings of the 4th Asian Regional Conference on Geosynthetics, Shanghai, China, June.
53 Lohani, T.N., Matsushima, K., Aqil, U., Mohri, Y. and Tatsuoka, F. (2006), "Evaluating the strength and deformation characteristics of a soil bag pile from full-scale laboratory tests", Geosynth. Int., 13(6), 246-264.   DOI
54 Lostumbo, J.M., Johnson, J. and Bernardi, M. (2014), "Back-to-back geosynthetic-reinforced MSE wall supporting elevated dual railway tracks", Geotech. Special Publication, 234, 4167-4175.
55 Matsuoka, H. and Liu, S.H. (2003), "New earth reinforcement method by soilbags ('Donow')", Soils Found., 43(6), 173-188.   DOI
56 Matsushima, K., Aqil, U., Mohri, Y., and Tatsuoka, F. (2008), "Shear strength and deformation characteristics of geosynthetic soil bags stacked horizontal and inclined", Geosynth. Int., 15(2), 119-135.   DOI
57 Mirmoradi, S. and Ehrlich, M. (2015), "Numerical evaluation of the behavior of GRS walls with segmental block facing under working stress conditions." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 141(3), Article number: 04014109.
58 Nakajima, T., Toriumi, N., Shintani, H., Miyataka, H., and Dobahi, K. (1996), "Field performance of a geotextile reinforced soil wall with concrete facing blocks", In: (H. Ochiai, N. Yasufuku, K. Omine Eds.), Earth Reinforcement, Balkema, Rotterdam/Brookfield, pp. 427-432.
59 Liu, S., Lu, Y., Weng, L. and Bai, F. (2015), "Field study of treatment for expansive soil/rock channel slope with soilbags", Geotext. Geomembr., 43(4), 283-292.   DOI
60 Payeur, J.B., Corfdir, A. and Bourgeois, E. (2015), "Dynamic behavior of a Mechanically Stabilized Earth wall under harmonic loading: Experimental characterization and 3D finite elements model", Comput. Geotech., 65, 199-211.   DOI