Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.6.821

Site effect microzonation of Babol, Iran  

Tavakoli, H.R. (Department of Civil Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology)
Amiri, M. Talebzade (Department of Civil Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology)
Abdollahzade, G. (Department of Civil Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology)
Janalizade, A. (Department of Civil Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology)
Publication Information
Geomechanics and Engineering / v.11, no.6, 2016 , pp. 821-845 More about this Journal
Abstract
Extensive researches on distribution of earthquake induced damages in different regions have shown that geological and geotechnical conditions of the local soils significantly influence behavior of alluvial areas under seismic loading. In this article, the site of Babol city which is formed up of saturated fine alluvial soils is considered as a case study. In order to reduce the uncertainties associated with earthquake resistant design of structures in this area (Babol city), the required design parameters have been evaluated with consideration of site's dynamic effects. The utilized methodology combines experimental ground ambient noise analysis, expressed in terms of horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratio, with numerical one-dimensional response analysis of soil columns using DEEPSOIL software. The H/V spectral analysis was performed at 60 points, experimentally, for the region in order to estimate both the fundamental period and its corresponding amplification for the ground vibration. The investigation resulted in amplification ratios that were greater than one in all areas. A good agreement between the proposed ranges of natural periods and alluvial amplification ratios obtained through the analytical model and the experimental microtremor studies verifies the analytical model to provide a good engineering reflection of the subterraneous alluviums.
Keywords
site effect; Babol; amplification; DEEPSOIL; microtremor;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Shoji, Y., Tanii, K. and Kamiyama, M. (2005), "A study on the duration and amplitude characteristics of earthquake ground motions", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 25(7-10), 505-512.   DOI
2 Sokolov, V., Bonjer, K.-P. and Wenzel, F. (2004), "Accounting for site effect in probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard for Romania and Bucharest: A case of deep seismicity in Vrancea zone", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 24(12), 929-947.   DOI
3 Tavakoli, H.R. (2012), Engineering Geology, Department of University of Technology, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran, pp. 22-247. [In Persian]
4 Technical Committee for Earthquake Geotechnical Eng. (TC4) (1999), Revised Manual for Zonation on Seismic Geotechnical Hazards; Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Eng.
5 Vucetic, M. and Dobry, R. (1991), "Effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response", ASCE J. Geotech. Eng., 117(1), 89-107.   DOI
6 Weimin, Y.H. and Chen, Y.Z. (2009), "Seismic response analysis of the deep saturated soil deposits in Shanghai", Environ. Geol., 56(6), 1163-1169.   DOI
7 Yoshida, N. (1994), "Applicability of conventional computer code SHAKE to nonlinear problem", Proceedings of Symposium on Amplification of Ground Shaking in Soft Ground.
8 Yoshida, N. and Iai, S. (1998), "Nonlinear site response analysis and its evaluation and prediction", Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on the Effect of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, Yokosuka, Japan, pp. 71-90.
9 Lozano, L., Herraiz, M. and Singh, S.K. (2009), "Site effect study in central Mexico using H/V and SSR techniques: Independence of seismic site effects on source characteristics", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 29(3), 504-516.   DOI
10 Nakamura, Y. (1989), "A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface", Quarterly Report of RTRI; 30(1), 25-33.
11 Park, D. and Hashash, Y.M.A. (2005), "Evaluation of seismic site factors in the Mississippi Embayment. II. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis with nonlinear site effects", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 25(2), 145-156.   DOI
12 Park, S. and Elrick, S. (1998), "Predictions of shear wave velocities in southern California using surface geology", Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 88(3), 677-685.
13 Phillips, C. and Hashash, Y.M.A. (2009), "Damping formulation for nonlinear 1D site response analyses Soil", Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 29(7), 1143-1158.   DOI
14 Rodriguez-Marek, A., Bray, J.D. and Abrahamson, N.A. (2000), "A geotechnical seismic site response evaluation procedure", Proceeding of 12 WCEE, Auckland, New Zealand.
15 Rodriguez-Marek, A., Bray, J.D. and Abrahamson, N.A. (2001), "An empirical geotechnical seismic site response procedure", Earthq. Spectra, 17(1), 65-87.   DOI
16 SAARC Disaster Management Centre (2011), Seismic Microzonation: Methodology for Vulnerable Cities of South Asian Countries; India, pp. 24-42.
17 Rosset, P. and Chouinard, L. (2009), "Characterization of site effects in Montreal, Canada", J. Nat. Hazards, 48(2), 295-308.   DOI
18 Roulle, A. and Bernardie, S. (2010), "Comparison of 1D nonlinear simulations to strong motion observations: A case study in a swampy site of French Antilles", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30(5), 286-298.   DOI
19 Roy, N. and Sahu, R.B. (2012), "Site specific ground motion simulation and seismic response analysis for microzonation of Kolkata", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 4(1), 1-18.   DOI
20 Schnabel, P.B., Lysmer, J. and Seed, H.B. (1972), "SHAKE: A computer program for earthquake response analysis of horizontally layered sites", Report No. EERC72-12; University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
21 Seed, H.B., Murarka, R., Lysmer, J. and Idriss, I.M. (1976), "Relationships between maximum acceleration, maximum velocity, distance from source and local site conditions for moderately strong earthquakes", Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 66(4), 1323-1342.
22 Seed, R.B., Dickenson, S.E. and Mok, C.M. (1991), "Seismic response analysis of soft and deep cohesive sites: A brief summary of recent findings", Proceedings of CALTRANS First Annual Seismic Response Workshop, Sacramento, CA, USA, December.
23 Seed, R.B., Cetin, K.O., Moss, R.E.S., Kammerer, A., Wu, J., Pestana, J. and Riemer, M. (2001), "Recent Advances in Soil Liquefaction Engineering and Seismic Site Response Evaluation", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference and Symposium on Recent Advances In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, Paper SPL-2; San Diego, CA, USA, March.
24 Holzer, T.L., Bennett, M.J., Noce, T.E. and Tinsley, J.C. (2005), "Shear wave velocity of surficial geologic sediments in northern California: statistical distributions and depth dependence", Earthq. Spectra, 21(1), 161-177.   DOI
25 Hasancebi, N. and Ulusay, R. (2006), "Evaluation of site amplification and site period using different methods for an earthquake-prone settlement in Western Turkey", Eng. Geol., 87(1-2), 85-104.   DOI
26 Hashash, Y.M.A. and Park, D. (2001), "Non-linear one-dimensional seismic ground motion propagation in the Mississippi embayment", Eng. Geol., 62(1-3), 185-206.   DOI
27 Hashash, Y.M.A., Groholski, D.R., Phillips, C.A., Park, D. and Musgrove, M. (2011), DEEPSOIL 5.0, User Manual and Tutorial; 107 p.
28 Huang, H.C., Shieh, C.S. and Chiu, H.C. (2001), "Linear and nonlinear behaviors of soft soil layers using Lotung downhole array in Taiwan", Terr. Atmos. Ocean Sci., 12(3), 503-524.   DOI
29 Idriss, I.M. (1990), "Response of soft soil sites during earthquakes", Proceedings of the Symposium to Honor Professor H.B. Seed, Berkeley, CA, USA, May, pp. 273-289.
30 Idriss, I.M. (1991), "Earthquake ground motions at soft soil sites", Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St. Louis, MO, USA, pp. 2265-2273.
31 Ishihara, K. and Ansal, A.M. (1982), "Dynamic behavior of soil, soil amplification and soil structure interaction", Final Report for Working Group D; UNDP/ UNESCO Project on Earthquake Risk Reduction in the Balkan Region.
32 Joyner, W.B. and Chen, A.T.F. (1975), "Calculation of nonlinear ground response in earthquakes", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 65(5), 1315-1336.
33 Kramer, S. (2005), Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, pp. 254-280.
34 Joyner, W.B., Warrick, R.E. and Fumal, T.E. (1981), "The effect of Quaternary alluvium on strong ground motion in the Coyote Lake, California, earthquake of 1979", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 71(4), 1333-1350.
35 Kamalian, M., Jafari, M.K. and Ghayamghamian, M.R. (2008), "Site effect microzonation of Qom, Iran", Eng. Geol., 97(1-2), 63-79.   DOI
36 Kockar, M.K. and Akgün, H. (2012), "Evaluation of the site effects of the Ankara basin, Turkey", J. Appl. Geophys., 83(1), 120-134.   DOI
37 Lee, M.K.W. and Finn, W.D.L. (1978), "DESRA-2: Dynamic effective stress response analysis of soil deposits with energy transmitting boundary including assessment of liquefaction potential", Soil mechanics series No. 36; Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
38 Lermo, J. and Chavez-Garcia, F.J. (1994), "Are microtremors useful in site response evaluation?", Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 84(5), 1350-1364.
39 Lombardo, G., Langer, H., Gresta, S. and Rigano, R. (2006), "On the importance of geolithological features for the estimate of the site response: The case of Catania Metropolitan Area (Italy)", J. Nat. Hazards, 38(3), 339-354.   DOI
40 Bindi, D., Abdrakhmatov, K., Parolai, S., Mucciarelli, M., Grunthal, G., Ischuk, A., Mikhailova, N. and Zschau, J. (2012), "Seismic hazard assessment in Central Asia:Outcomes from a site approach", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 37, 84-91.   DOI
41 Ambraseys, N.N. and Douglas, J. (2005), "Equations for the estimation of strong ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes using data from Europe and the Middle East: Horizontal peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration", Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 3(1), 1-53.   DOI
42 Borcherdt, R.D., Wentworth, C.M., Janssen, A., Fumal, T.E. and Gibbs, J. (1991), "Methodology for predictive GIS mapping of special study zones for strong ground motion in the San Francisco Bay region, CA", Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Seismic Zonation, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA, pp. 545-552.
43 Altun, S., Sezer, A. and Burak Goktepe, A. (2012), "A preliminary microzonation study on Northern Coasts of Izmir: Investigation of the local soil conditions", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 39, 37-49.   DOI
44 Bommer, J.J., Strasser, F.O., Pagani, M. and Monellid, D. (2013), "Quality assurance for logic-tree implementation in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for nuclear applications: A practical example", Seismol. Soc. Am., 84(6), 938-945.
45 Borcherdt, R.D. (1994), "Estimates of site dependent response spectra for design (methodology and justification)", Earthquake Spectra, 10(4), 617-653.   DOI
46 Campbell, K.W. and Bozorgnia, Y. (2006), "Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) empirical ground motion models: Can they be used in Europe", Proceedings of the 1st Eurpean Conference on Earthquake, Engineering and Seismol, Paper No. 458.
47 Chavez-Garcia, F.J. and Tejeda-Jacome, J. (2010), "Site response in Tecoman, Colima, Mexico-II. Determination of subsoil structure and comparison with observations", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30(8), 717-723.   DOI
48 Di Giulio, G., Improta, L., Calderoni, G. and Rovelli, A. (2008), "A study of the seismic response of the city of Benevento (Southern Italy) through a combined analysis of soeismological and geological data", Eng. Geol., 97(3-4), 146-170.   DOI
49 Finn, W.D.L. and Nichols, A.M. (1988), "Seismic response of long-period sites: lessons from the September 19. (1985), Mexican earthquake", Can. Geotech. J., 25(1), 128-137.   DOI
50 Dobry, R., Martin, G.M., Parra, E. and Bhattacharyya, A. (1994), "Development of site dependent Ratios of elastic Response Spectra (RRS) and site categories for building seismic codes", Proceedings of the NCEER/SEAOC/BS- SC Workshop on Site Response during Earthquakes and Seismic Code Provisions, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, November.
51 Han, Y. and Davidson, R.A. (2012), "Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for spatially distributed infrastructure", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(15), 2141-2158.   DOI
52 The NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and other Structures (2000), Edition.