Browse > Article

Comparison of Liquefying Efficiency of Mixed Organic Fertilizer as Affected by Aeration Time and the Ratio of Organic Fertilizer to Water  

Lee, Jong-Tae (Onion Research Institute, Gyeongnam ARES)
Ha, In-Jong (Onion Research Institute, Gyeongnam ARES)
Moon, Jin-Seong (Onion Research Institute, Gyeongnam ARES)
Song, Won-Doo (Onion Research Institute, Gyeongnam ARES)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer / v.40, no.2, 2007 , pp. 156-163 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the liquefying efficiency of mixed organic fertilizer in different conditions. The organic fertilizer was composed of sesame oil cake, rice bran, fish meal, ground bone meal etc, and made by fermenting process. It included $23g\;kg^{-1}$, $17.0g\;kg^{-1}$, $23.9g\;kg^{-1}$, $290g\;kg^{-1}$ of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, organic matter, respectively. In one test, the mixed organic fertilizer was added in the proportion of 10% to water 90% and aerated continuously, for 2, 8 hours per day, and not aerated as control. In the other test, ratios of organic fertilizer to water were 5%, 10%, 20% and aerated for 2 hours a day. With the increase of liquefying time, pH, EC and $NH_4-N$ increased without relation to aeration time. After 10 days, liquid organic fertilizer aerated for 2 hours a day contained $634mg\;N\;kg^{-1}$, $68.1mg\;P_2O_5\;kg^{-1}$, $453mg\;K_2O\;kg^{-1}$, which was not significantly different from 8 hours a day or continuous aeration. Then extraction ratios of inorganic contents were 27.6%, 4.0% and 18.9%, respectively. Continuous aeration resulted in increasing the viable number of aerobic bacteria, spore forming bacteria and fungi in liquefied solution. Higher ratio of organic fertilizer to water increased EC, $NH_4-N$ and other inorganic matter contents, but decreased extraction ratio of nutrients in liquid fertilizer. The liquid organic fertilizer of 20% contained $1,140mg\;N\;kg^{-1}$, $35.4mg\;P_2O_5\;kg^{-1}$, $544mg\;K_2O\;kg^{-1}$ after 10 days. Then extraction ratios were 24.8%, 2.4% and 13.6%, respectively. The ratio of organic fertilizer to water was positively correlated with only spore forming bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. among microorganisms.
Keywords
Liquid organic fertilizer; Liquefaction; Aeration; Extraction; Microorganism;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Diver, S. 1998. Compost Teas For Plant Disease Control. Pest management technical notes. www.attra.ncat.org
2 Park, B.K., J.S. Lee, N.J. Cho., and K.Y. Jung. 2001. Effect of liquid pig manure on growth of lice and infiltration water quality. J. Kor. Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 34:153-157
3 Kim, Y.S., K.S. Lee, and S.G. Han. 2003. The effect of liquid fertilizer contained amino acids on the growth of bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds) and the chemical charactelistics of soil. Kor. Turfgrass Sci. 17:147-154
4 Shon, B.K., J.H. Hong, and K.J. Park. 1996. Comparative studies on static windrow and aerated static pile composting of the mixtures of cattle manure and rice hulls. 29:403-410
5 Shon, S.M. 2001. Principles and skills of organic crop production with special regards to Germany. J. Kor. Org. Agr. 9(4):71-93
6 Jeong, S.J., W.B. Chung, H.T. Kim, K.H. Kang, J.S. Lee, and J.S. Oh. 2000. Effect of the soil physicochemical property and plant growth and components of chinese cabbage after application of organic farming materials. J. Kor. Org. Agr. 8(2):97-110
7 Lee, Y.H., M.S. Yang, and H.D. Yun. 1996. Effect of plant-growthpromoting-bacteria inoculation on the growth and yield of red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) with different soil electrical conductivity level. J. Kor. Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 29:396-402
8 Lee, Y.H., S.G. Lee, S.H. Kim, J.H. Shin, D.H. Choi, Y.J. Lee, and H.M. Kim. 2006. Investigation of the utilization of organic materials and the chemical properties of soil in the organic farms in Korea. J. Kor. Org. Agr. 14(1):55-67
9 Shon, S. M. 2002. Situation of Korea organic farming and its education and research in the future. J. Kor. Org. Agr. 10(2):67-83
10 Cho, B.L., S.B. Lee, K.E. Lee, and W.K. Oh. 1972. A study on the effect of soil or lime addition on the decaying of oil cake as a liquid fertilizer. Kor. J. Soc. Hart. Sci. 11:69-72
11 Ulrich, K. 2004. Rotation for organic farming: Its aims and implementation. International Symposium on Organic Agticulture. Ulijin, Korea. p1-51
12 Choi, K.C., Y.H. Rhee, and W.B. Chun. 1995. Effects of antagonistic microorganisms, Bacillus spp., on growth of Italian ryegrass and Orchard grass in continuous cropping soil and non-continuous cropping soil. Kor. J. Anim. Sci. 37:287-296
13 Shin, J.S., D.E. Shin, H.H. Lee, Y.M. Cho, J.G. Kim, and J.W. Ryoo. 1998. The effect of water adding levels and storage time on chemical compositon and its relationship in liquid manures. RDA. J. Agro-Envir. Sci. 40(1):80-84
14 Weltzein, C.H. 1989. Some effects of composted organic materials on plant health. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 27:439-446   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Joo, S.J., S.M. Shan, and J.H. Kim. 2001. Development of organic liquid fertilizer for leaf vegetable under greenhouse. J. Kor. Org. Agr. 9(2):83-99
16 Kai, H., T. Ueda, and M. Sakaguchi. 1990. Antimicrobial activity of bark-compost extracts. Soil Biol. Biochem. 22:983-986   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Lee, T.G., and S.H. Yoon. 2000. IV. Understanding and practice of organic matelials for agticulture. Heuksalim. Theory and Practice of friendly environmental agticulture. p 143-145
18 Rhee, Y.H., Y.Y. Kim, J.P. Lee, Y.W. Kim, Y.J. Kim, and J.W. Lee. 1990. Effects of Pseudomonas Fluorescens, KR-164 on plant pathogenic microorganisms. J. Kor. Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 23:53-59
19 Jean, W.T., H.M. Park, C.Y. Park, K.D. Park, Y.S. Cho, E.S. Yun, and U.G. Kang. 2003. Effects of liquid pig manure application on rice growth and environment of paddy soil. J. Kor. Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 36:333-343
20 Kim, K.S., J.P. Lee, Y.W. Kim, Y.H. Rhee, and Y.Y. Kim. 1993. Effect on the inoculation of Bacillus on the growth of Chinese cabbage and sesame and on microbial flora in soils. J. Kor. Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 26:271-277
21 Jung, K.Y., N.J. Cho, and Y.G. Jeong. 1998. Composition of liquid composting efficiency using liquid pig manure in different condition. Kor. J. Environ. Agr. 17:301-306
22 Kang, B.K. 2004. Effects of microbial liquid manure on growth and yield of leaf lettuce. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 45:115-118
23 Lee, J.T., C.J Lee, and H.D. Kim. 2004. Changes in physicochemical properties and microbial population during fermenting process of organic fertilizer. J. Kor. Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 37:116-123
24 Kraus, T.H., R.L. Mikkelsen, and S.L. Warren. 2000. Container substrate temperatures affect mineralization of composts. Hortscience. 35:16-18
25 Elad, Y., and D. Shtienberg. 1994. Effect of compost water extracts on grey mould(Botrytis cinerea). Crop protection. 13:109-114   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Kim, K.S., Y.W. Kim, and Y.S. Choi. 1995. Studies on the vatious utilization of microbial formulation for the production of vegetable crops. J. Kor. Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 28:191-205
27 Kim, M.C., D.J. Choi, and S.T. Song. 2001. Effect of swine liquid manure and phosphorus fertilizer application level on dry matter yield and Nand P uptake of Italian ryegrass. Anim. Sci. & Technol. 43:973-980
28 Lee, J.S., K.W. Chang, S.H. Cho, and C.Y. Kim. 1996. Effect of compost application on yield and chemical components of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr) and changes of soil physicochemical properties in organic farming. J. Kor. Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 297:365-370
29 Jung, M.C. 2005. Training for skilled organic farmers. International conference 'Oganic farming and rural development'. Uljin, Korea. p183-209
30 Lee, J.T., I.J. Ha, H.D. Kim, J.S. Moon, W.I. Kim, and W.D. Song. 2006. Effect of liquid pig manure on growth, nutrient uptake of onion, and chemical properties in soil. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 24:148-156
31 Yeoung, Y.R., J.H. Kim, B.S. Kim, J.Y. Jeon, and C.S. Yoon. 2003. Effects of beneficial antagonists (Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Trichoderma sp.) on control of clubroot of Chinese cabbage. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 21:194-198
32 Shon, S.M., D.H. Han, and Y.H. Kim. 1996. Chemical characteristics ad soils cultivated by the conventional farming, greenhouse cultivation and organic farming and accumulation of $NO_{3}$ in chinese cabbage and lettuce. J. Kor. Org. Agr. 5(1):149-165
33 Chang, K.R., and S.M. Shon. 2000. Sustenance and enhancement of soil fertility for organic farming by legumes and green manure. J. Kor. Org. Agr. 8(3):131-146
34 Simamoto, K. 2000. Advanced microbiological farming for promoting soil activity. Gardening Part. p147-150, Translated by Korean Society of Compost Farming(3rd ed). Seongju, Korea
35 RDA. 2000. Methods for chemical analysis of soil and plant. National Institute of Agticultural Science and Technology. RDA. Suwon, Korea