Browse > Article

Quality Properties of Chonggak Kimchi Fermented at different Combination of Temperature and Time  

Kang, Jeong-Hwa (Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School Chonnam National University)
Kang, Sun-Hee (Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School Chonnam National University)
Ahn, Eun-Sook (Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School Chonnam National University)
Chung, Hee-Jong (Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School Chonnam National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture / v.18, no.6, 2003 , pp. 551-561 More about this Journal
Abstract
To determine the conditions of the fermentation and storage for Chonggak kimchi in kimchi refrigerator, prepared Chonggak kimchi took into kimchi refrigerators which were controlled at four different modes of the fermented temperature and time, and fermented and kept for 16 weeks. The pH in Chonggak kimchi fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ dropped greater than all of kimchi fermented at other combinations, and the changes of pH at any combinations were not greater than those in Baechu kimchi, because pH in Chonggak kimchi did not dropped below 4.5. Acidities in Chonggak kimchi were greatly increased at higher temperature. The acidity in Chonggak kimchi during the first week of fermentation was lower than that in Baechu kimchi and then it was rather higher because of the addition of waxy rice paste. In texture, puncture force of Chonggak kimchi was decreased slowly until 8 weeks of fermentation and then did not changed much and the highest values showed in Chonggak kimchi stored directly at $-1^{\circ}C$ without any fermentation. In sensory evaluation, the scores for the carbonated flavor and the sourness were the highest in Chonggak kimchi fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$, but the lowest in Chonggak kimchi stored directly at $-1^{\circ}C$ without any fermentation because of some undesirable flavors. The lowest hardness showed in Chonggak kimchi fermented at highest temperature and the best hardness was in Chonggak kimchi fermented at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 days or 6 days/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$. The appearance was the best in Chonggak kimchi fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ and the worst was in Chonggak kimchi stored directly at $-1^{\circ}C$ without any fermentation. The overall acceptability of Chonggak kimchi fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ was good after 4 weeks of fermentation, but in Chonggak kimchi fermented at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 days or 6 days/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ it was good after 6 weeks. Total microbial counts in most of Chonggak kimchi were reached to a maximum number within 7 days, and then decreased similarly at all modes. Leuconostoc spp. and Lactobacillus spp. increased to maximum number of $1.48{\times}10^9\;and\;5.62{\times}10^9$, respectively, in Chonggak kimchi fermented for 7 days. Yeast counts showed a increasing trend not depends on fermenting temperature and they were lower counts than those in Baechu kimchi. Waxy rice paste which added to Chonggak kimchi resulted in increasement of glucose as a carbon source and stimulated to reproduce the microbes in Chonggak kimchi.
Keywords
combination of temperature and time; Chonggak kimchi; kimchi; fermentation; kimchi refrigerator;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Lee HS, Ko YT and Lim SJ. Effects of Protein Sources on Kimchi Fermentation and on the Stability of Ascorbic Acid. Korean J. Nutr. 17(2): 101-107, 1984
2 Lee CH, Ahn BS. Literature Review on Kimchi, Korean Fermented Vegetable Foods. Korean. J. Dietary Culture. 10(4): 311-319, 1995
3 Cho EJ, Lee SM, Rhee SH, Park KY. Studies on the Standardization of Chiness Cabbage Kimchi. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol 30(2): 324-332, 1998
4 Lee MY. Studies on standardization and quality improvement of the preparation for chonggak kimchi. MS Thesis in Busan National University, 2002
5 A.O.A.C : Offical Methods of Analysis, 14th ed., Association of Offical Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA, 413, 1984
6 Rhie SG, Chun SK. The Influence of Temperature on Fermentation of Kimchi. Korean J. Nutr & Food. 11(4): 63-66, 1982
7 Choi SY, Kim YB, Yoo JY, Lee IS, Chung GS and Koo YJ. Effects of temperature and salt concentration on the storage of kimchi during the preparation. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 22(6): 707-710, 1990
8 Kim HO, Rhee HS. Studies on the Nonvolatile Organic Acids in Kimchis fermented at Different Temperatures. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 7(2): 74-81, 1975
9 Chang KS, Kim MJ, Kim SD. Effect of Ginseng on the Preservability and Quality of Chinese Cabbage Kimchi. J. Korean Soc. Food Nutr. 24(2): 313-322, 1995
10 Difco Manual : Digco Laboratories, 10th edition, Detroit, Michigan, USA, 689,1984
11 Shin DH, Kim MS,Han JS and Lim DK.Changes of chemical composition and microflora in bottled vacuum packed kimchi during storage at clifferent temperature. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 28(2): 127-136, 1996
12 Han HE, Park HK. Differential Determination of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Bromophenol blue agar plate. Papers in Research Institute for Basic Science, Inha University, 12:89, 1991
13 SAS : SAS/STAT guide for personal computers. Version 6 edition. SAS Institute Inc., Carg, NC (1985)
14 Cheigh MJ, Han JS, Rhee SH, Park KY. Standardization of Ingredient Ratios of Wooung (Burdock, Arctium lappa, L) Kimchi. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 27(4): 618-624, 1997