Browse > Article

Comparative Analysis of the Amino Acids and Effective Components from Viola mandshurica  

Lee, Yang-Suk (Department of Herbal Biotechnology, Daegu Haany University)
Kim, Nam-Woo (Department of Herbal Biotechnology, Daegu Haany University)
Publication Information
Food Science and Preservation / v.15, no.5, 2008 , pp. 699-705 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study compared amino acids and effective components of Viola mandshurica produced in Korea with those of Chinese plants, as part of a study on nutritional andfunctional materials, to aid in the development of a valuable food. The contents of reducing sugar, free sugar, polyphenols, and soluble protein in the flowers of V. mandshurica were higher than in other fractions, being 10,485.11 mg%, 118.85 mg%, 1,259.26 mg%, and 23.67 mg%, respectively. Total flavonoid content of Chinese leaves was the highest at 2,370.75 mg%, followed by 1,844.43 mg% in Korean leaves. Free amino acids were highest in Korean leaves (5,345.21 mg%), followed by roots (4,692.24 mg%), flowers (3,807.87 mg%), and leaves of China plants (3,613.81 mg%). Arginine accounted for 55% of free amino acids in the roots, and all plant fractions contained more valine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine, than other amino acids. The total content of amino acid derivatives was the highest (9,058.80 mg%) in Korean leaves. Especially, $\alpha$-aminoadipic acid constituted over 50% of total amino acid derivatives in all plant parts of V. mandshurica. When mineral contents were analyzed, leaves grown in China showed the highest content of 5,917.57 mg%, and the contents of K, Ca, and Mg were much greater than those of other minerals, together comprising over 95% of total mineral content in leaves and flowers from Korea.
Keywords
Viola mandshurica; free sugar; polyphenol; flavonoid; amino acid; mineral;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 15  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Yun, J.S., Chung, B.H., Kim, N.Y., Seong, N.S., Lee, H.Y., Lee, J.H. and Kim, J.D. (2003) Screening of 94 plant species showing ACE inhibitory activity. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci., 11, 246-251   과학기술학회마을
2 Witkowska-Banaszczak, E., Bylka, W., Matlawska, I., Goslinska, O. and Muszynski, Z. (2005) Antimicrobial activity of Viola tricolor herb. Fitoterapia., 76, 458-461   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Kang, M.H., Seo, Y.H., Kim, J.B., Shin, S.R. and Kim, K.W. (2000) The chemical composition of Taraxacum officinale consumed in Korea. Korean J. Soc. Food Sci., 16, 182-187
4 KHP. (2007) The korean herbal pharmacopoeia. KFDA, p294
5 문관심. (1984) 약초의 성분과 이용. 일월서각. pp481-482
6 Ko, W.C. and Shin, M.K. (1987) Experimental studies on the analgesic and antiphlogistic effects of Violae herba. Kor. J. Pharmacogn., 18, 210-215
7 Lee, B.W. and Kim, D.H. (2003) Inhibitory effect of Violae herba extract on inflammatory cytokine production by IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$ in cultured human synovial cells. Kor. J. Herbology, 18, 89-96
8 Shim, K.H., Sung, N.K., Choi, J.S. and Kang, K.S. (1989) Changes in major components of japanese apricot during ripening. J. Korean Soc. Food Nutr., 18, 101-108
9 Hwang, J.B., Yang, M.O. and Shin, H.K. (1997) Survey for approximate composition and mineral content of medicinal herbs. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 29, 671-679   과학기술학회마을
10 Joo, E.Y. and Kang, W.J. (2005) Analysis on the components of the Angelica dahurica root. Korean J. Food Preserv., 12, 476-481   과학기술학회마을
11 Yang, H.C., Heo, N.C., Choi, K.C. and Ahn, Y.J. (2007) Nutritional composition of white-flowered and pink- flowered lotus in different parts. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 39, 14-19   과학기술학회마을
12 中醫大辭典編輯委員會編. (1982) 中醫大辭典 (中象分冊). 北京, 人民衛生出版社, p362
13 Kim, E.Y., Baik, I.H., Kim, J.H., Kim, S.R. and Rhyu, M.R. (2004) Screening of the antioxidant activity of some medicinal plants. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 36, 333-338   과학기술학회마을
14 Lee, J.H. and Lee, S.R. (1994) Analysis of phenolic substances content on Korea plant foods. Korea J. Food Sci. Technol., 26, 310-316   과학기술학회마을
15 Lee, S.T., Park, J.M., Lee, H.K., Kim, M.B., Cho, J.S. and Heo, J.S. (2000) Component comparison in different growth stages and organs of Saururus chinensis Baill. Korean J. Med. Crop Sci., 8, 312-318   과학기술학회마을
16 河南省衛生廳編. (1974) 河南省中藥村?制規範. 河南省, 河南科學技術出版社, p365
17 신민교. (1986) 원색임상본초학. 서울, 남산당, p340
18 Moon, H.I., Jung, J.C. and Lee, J. (2006) Aldose reductase inhibitory effect by tectorigenin derivatives from Viola hondoensis. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 7592-7594   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Nieva Moreno, M.I., Isla, M.I., Sampietro, A.R. and Vattuone, M.A. (2000) Comparison of the free radical- scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. J. Ethnopharmacol., 71, 109-114   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Yun, S.I., Choi, W.J., Choi, Y.D., Lee, S.H., Yoo, S.H., Lee, E.H. and Ro, H.M. (2003) Distribution of heavy metals in soils of Shihwa tidal freshwater marshes. Korean J. Ecol., 26, 65-70   과학기술학회마을   DOI
21 Moon, C.K. and Yook, C.S. (1981) Ein flavonol- triglykosid aus herba Viola japonica. Kor. J. Pharmacogn., 12, 146   과학기술학회마을
22 Solms, J. (1969) The taste of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. J. Agric. Food Chem., 17, 686-688   DOI
23 Kim, K.S. (2007) Functional ingredient compositions of soybean curds(Tufu) made with black soybeans(Huktae) and white soybeans(Baktae). Korean J. Food and Nutr., 20, 158-163   과학기술학회마을
24 江蘇新醫學院. (1999) 中藥大辭典. 上海, 上海科學技術出版社, p800-802
25 이시진. (1983) 본초강목. 서울, 고문사, p647
26 Lee, S.O., Lee, H.J., Yu, M.H., Im, H.G. and Lee, I.S. (2005) Total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts from vegetables produced in Ullung island. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 37, 233-240   과학기술학회마을
27 Kim, O.K., Kung, S.S., Park, W.B., Lee, M.W. and Ham, S.S. (1992) The nutritional components of aerial whole plant and juice of Angelica keiskei Koidz. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 24, 592-596   과학기술학회마을
28 Moon, H.I., Lee, J., Zee, O.P. and Chung, J.H. (2005) The effect of flavonol glycoside on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in ultraviolet-irradiated cultured human skin fibroblasts. J. Ethnopharmacol., 101, 176-179   DOI   ScienceOn
29 AOAC. (2005) Official method of analysis. 18th ed., Association of official analytical chemists. Washington D.C. USA. 45, 21-22
30 Nelson, N. (1944) A photometric adaption of the somogyi method for determination of glucose. J. Biol. Chem., 153, 375-381
31 Mau, J.L., Chyau, C.C., Li, J.Y. and Tseng, Y.H. (1997) Flavor components in straw mushrooms Volariella volvacea harvested at different stages of maturity. J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, 4726-4729   DOI   ScienceOn
32 成都中醫學院主編. (1982) 中象學, 上海, 上海科學技術出版社, p78
33 Lowry, O.H., Roserbrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, RJ. (1951) Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265
34 Shin, S.R. (1999) Studies on the nutritional components of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Korean J. Postharvest Sci. Technol., 6, 495-499   과학기술학회마을
35 6박성규, 안덕균. (1991) 자화지정 종류의 효능에 관한 비교 연구. 본초분과학회지, 6, 77-83
36 Chang, K.M. (2007) A study cookery utilization of Pimpinella brachycarpa N. for developing as functional food. Korean J. Food Culture, 22, 274-282   과학기술학회마을
37 Yook, C.S., Lee, W.C. and Moon, C.K. (1989) Studies on flavonoid glycoside of the leaves of Viola diamantica. Yakhak Hoeji, 33, 124-128
38 Swain, T., Hillis, W.E. and Ortega, M. (1959) Phenolic constituents of Ptunus domestica I. Quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. J. Sci. Food Agric., 10, 83-88
39 Lee, Y.S. (2007) Antioxidative and physiological activity of the Angelica dahurica leaves extracts. Korean J. Food Preserv., 14, 74-86   과학기술학회마을