Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.10.1491

Cholesterol Improvement Effects of Co-treatment with Black Raspberry and Red Ginseng Extracts in Mice Fed a High Cholesterol Diet  

Lee, Min Jung (Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute)
Lee, Su Jung (Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute)
Choi, Hye Ran (Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute)
Lee, Jung-Hyun (Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute)
Jeong, Jong Tae (Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute)
Choi, Kyung-Min (Institute of JinAn Red Ginseng)
Cha, Jeong-Dan (Institute of JinAn Red Ginseng)
Hwang, Seung-Mi (Institute of JinAn Red Ginseng)
Park, Jong Hyuk (Imsil Research Institute of Cheese Science)
Lee, Joo Hee (Imsil Research Institute of Cheese Science)
Lee, Tae Bum (Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.43, no.10, 2014 , pp. 1491-1499 More about this Journal
Abstract
We examined the effects of unripe black raspberry (UBR) and red ginseng (RG) extracts on cholesterol improvement in C57BL/6J mice fed a HCD (high cholesterol diet) for 12 weeks. Hepatic total lipid and total cholesterol contents were significantly induced in hyperlipidemic mice. However, supplementation with UBR, RG and simvastatin effectively reduced these lipid profiles. Further, UBR and co-treatment with UBR and RG increased expression of LDL receptor, SREBP2, and SR-B1 mRNA compared with HCD. The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was reduced by co-treatment with UBR and RG compared to treatment with UBR. In addition, histopathologic evaluation showed that co-treatment with UBR and RG suppressed lipid accumulation as well as FAS and leptin expression in plasma. These results indicate that co-treatment with UBR and RG may be useful for the prevention of hypercholesterolemia.
Keywords
unripe black raspberry; red ginseng; Simvastatin; high cholesterol diet; hypercholesterolemia;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 7  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Mckenny JM. 2001. Lipid management: tools for getting to the goal. Am J Manag Care 7: S299-S306.
2 Lim S, Shin H, Song JH, Kwak SH, Kang SM, Yoon JW, Choi SH, Cho SI, Park KS, Lee HK, Jang HC, Koh KK. 2011. Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korea. Diabetes Care 34: 1323-1328.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 MHWK. 2003. Yearbook of Health and Welfare Statistics. Report of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, Korea. p 35.
4 Moon SJ. 1996. Nutritional problems of Korean. Korean J Nutr 29: 371-380.
5 Miettinen TA. 2001. Cholesterol absorption inhibition: a strategy for cholesterol-lowering therapy. Int J Clin Pract 55: 710-716.
6 Shin MK, Han SH. 2002. Effects of methanol extracts from bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica Makino) leaves extracts on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat and high cholesterol diet. Korean J Dietary Culture 17: 30-36.   과학기술학회마을
7 Eu GS, Chun BY, Bandopadhyay R, Yoo NH, Choi DG, Yun SJ. 2008. Phylogenic relationships of Rubus species revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers. J Crop Sci Biotech 11: 39-44.   과학기술학회마을
8 Seeram NP, Adams LS, Zhang Y, Lee R, Sand D, Scheuller HS, Heber D. 2006. Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulated apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 54: 9329-9339.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Chen T, Hwang HJ, Rose ME, Nines RG, Stoner GD. 2006. Chemopreventive properties of black raspberries in N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine- induced rat esophageal tumorigenesis: down regulation of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and c-jun. Cancer Res 66: 2853-2859.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Wang SY, Jiao H. 2000. Scavenging capacity of berry crops on superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen. J Agric Food Chem 48: 5677-5684.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Lee SH, Park JH, Cho NS, Yu HJ, You SK, Cho CW, Kim DC, Kim YH, Kim KH. 2009. Sensory evaluation and bioavailability of red ginseng extract (Rg1, Rb1) by complexation with $\gamma$-cyclodextrin. Korean J Food Sci Technol 41: 106-110.   과학기술학회마을
12 Choi HR, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Kwon JW, Lee HK, Jeong JT, Lee TB. 2013. Cholesterol lowering effects of unripe black raspberry water extract. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 42: 1899-1907.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
13 Yang HM, Oh SM, Lim SS, Shin HK, Oh YS, Kim JK. 2011. Antiinflammatory activities of Rubus coreanus depend on the degree of fruit ripening. Phytother Res 22: 102-107.
14 Yokozawa T, Kobayashi T, Oura H, Kawashima Y. 1985. Studies on the mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity of ginsenoside-Rb2 in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 33: 869-872.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Joo CN, Koo JH. 1980. Biochemical study of some parmacological effects of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Korean Biochem J 13: 63-80.
16 Yoon SH, Joo CN. 1993. Study on the preventive effect of ginsenosides against hypercholesterolemia and its mechanism. Korean J Ginseng Sci 17: 1-12.
17 Kang BH, Koo JH, Joo CN. 1986. Effect of saponin fraction of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer on blood serum lipoprotein distribution of cholesterol fed rabbits. Korean J Ginseng Sci 10: 114-121.   과학기술학회마을
18 Song G, Liu J, Zhao Z, Yu Y, Tian H, Yao S, Li G, Qin S. 2011. Simvastatin reduces atherogenesis and promotes the expression of hepatic genes associated with reverse cholesterol transport in apoE-knockout mice fed high-fat diet. Lipids Health Dis 10: 8.   DOI
19 Molcanyiova A, Stancakova A, Javorsky M, Tkac I. 2006. Beneficial effect of Simvastatin treatment on LDL oxidation and antioxidant protection is more pronounced in combined hyperlipidemia than in hypercholesterolemia. Pharmacol Res 54: 203-207.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Clark JM, Bass NM, Van Natta ML, Unalp-Arida A, Tonascia J, Zein CO, Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, McCullough AJ, Sanyal AJ, Diehl AM, Lavine JE, Chalasani N, Kowdley KV. 2010. Clinical, laboratory and histological associations in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 52: 913-924.
21 Zhang X, Mao S, Luo G, Wei J, Berggren-Soderlund M, Nilsson-Ehle P, Xu N. 2011. Effects of Simvastatin on apolipoprotein M in vivo and in vitro. Lipids Health Dis 10: 112.   DOI
22 Lei YF, Chen JL, Wei H, Xiong CM, Zhang YH, Ruan JL. 2011. Hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory properties of Abacopterin A from Abacopteris penangiana in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia mice. Food Chem Toxicol 49: 3206-3210.   DOI
23 Pal S, Ho N, Santos C, Dubois P, Mamo J, Croft K, Allister E. 2003. Red wine polyphenolics increase LDL receptor expression and activity and suppress the secretion of ApoB100 from human HepG2 cells. J Nutr 133: 700-706.
24 Suzuki T, Kumazoe M, Kim Y, Yamashita S, Nakahara K, Tsukamoto S, Sasaki M, Hagihara T, Tsurudome Y, Huang Y, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Shinoda Y, Yamaguchi W, Yamada K, Tachibana H. 2013. Green tea extract containing a highly absorbent catechin prevents diet-induced lipid metabolism disorder. Sci Rep 3: 2749.   DOI
25 Lee S, Lee MS, Kim CT, Kim IH, Kim Y. 2012. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduces lipid accumulation with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in HepG2 cells. Int J Mol Sci 13: 5729-5739.   DOI
26 Mahley RW, Innerarity TL, Rall SC Jr, Weisgrader KH. 1984. Plasma lipoproteins: apoprotein structure and function. J Lipid Res 25: 1277-1294.
27 Magana MM, Koo SH, Towle HC, Osborne TF. 2000. Different sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 isoforms utilize distinct co-regulatory factors to activate the promoter for fatty acid synthase. J Biol Chem 275: 4726-4733.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Kim EJ, Lee HI, Chung KY, Noh YH, Ro YT, Koo JH. 2009. The ginsenoside-Rb2 lowers cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured under high cholesterol or fatty acids conditions. BMB Rep 42: 194-199.   DOI
29 Bursill CA, Abbey M, Roach PD. 2007. A green tea extract lowers plasma cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis and upregulating the LDL receptor in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. Atherosclerosis 193: 86-93.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Shimano H. 2001. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs): transcriptional regulators of lipid synthetic genes. Prog Lipid Res 40: 439-452.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Tsujita M, Wu CA, Abe-Dohmae S, Usui S, Okazaki M, Yokoyama S. 2005. On the hepatic mechanism of HDL assembly by the ABCA1/apoA-I pathway. J Lipid Res 46: 154-162.   DOI
32 Brundert M, Heeren J, Bahar-Bayansar M, Ewert A, Moore KJ, Rinninger F. 2006. Selective uptake of HDL cholesteryl esters and cholesterol efflux from mouse peritoneal macrophages independent of SR-BI. J Lipid Res 47: 2408-2421.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Berrougui H, Grenier G, Loued S, Drouin G, Khalil A. 2009. A new insight into resveratrol as an atheroprotective compound: inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of cholesterol efflux. Atherosclerosis 207: 420-427.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Krause BR, Auerbach BJ. 2001. Reverse cholesterol transport and future pharmacological approaches to the treatment of atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2: 375-381.
35 Walldius G, Jungner I. 2006. The apoB/apoA1 ratio: a strong, new risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a target for lipid-lowering therapy - a review of the evidence. J Intern Med 259: 493-519.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Uto-Kondo H, Ayaori M, Ogura M, Nakaya K, Ito M, Suzuki A, Takiguchi S, Yakushiji E, Terao Y, Ozasa H, Hisada T, Sasaki M, Ohsuzu F, Ikewaki K. 2010. Coffee consumption enhances high-density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Circ Res 106: 779-787.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Behme MT. 1996. Leptin: product of the obese gene. Nutr Today 31: 138-141.   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Lee YJ, Kim HY, Yoon JJ, Lee SM, Ahn YM, Kho JH, Kho MC, Lee HS, Cho KM, Kang DG. 2012. Beneficial effect of combination with Korean red ginseng and Morus alba in metabolic syndrome. Kor J Herbology 27: 99-105.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
39 Hsu CL, Yen GC. 2007. Effect of gallic acid on high fat diet-induced dyslipidaemia, hepatosteatosis and oxidative stress in rats. Br J Nutr 98: 727-735.
40 Wu Y, Yu Y, Szabo A, Han M, Huang XF. 2014. Central inflammation and leptin resistance are attenuated by ginsenoside Rb1 treatment in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. PLoS One 9: e92618.   DOI
41 Wang X, Mu H, Chai H, Liao D, Yao Q, Chen C. 2007. Human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor ritonavir inhibits cholesterol efflux from human macrophage-derived foam cells. Am J Pathol 171: 304-314.   DOI
42 Wang X, Song KS, Guo QX, Tian W. 2003. The galloyl moiety of green tea catechins is the critical structural feature to inhibit fatty-acid synthase. Biochem Pharmacol 66: 2039-2047.   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Yasui K, Paeng N, Miyoshi N, Suzuki T, Taguchi K, Ishigami Y, Fukutomi R, Imai S, Isemura M, Nakayama T. 2012. Effects of a catechin-free fraction derived from green tea on gene expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism in the mouse liver. Biomed Res 33: 9-13.   DOI
44 Lee SJ, Lee MJ, Ko YJ, Choi HR, Jeong JT, Choi KM, Cha JD, Hwang SM, Jung HK, Park JH, Lee TB. 2013. Effects of extracts of unripe black raspberry and red ginseng on cholesterol synthesis. Korean J Food Sci Technol 45: 628-635.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
45 Vinson JA, Teufel K, Wu N. 2001. Red wine, dealcoholized red wine, and especially grape juice, inhibit atherosclerosis in hamster model. Atherosclerosis 156: 67-72.   DOI   ScienceOn