Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.3.366

Comparison of the Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of the Commercial Black Garlic and Lab-Prepared Fermented and Aged Black Garlic  

You, Bo-Ram (Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Hye-Ran (Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Min-Ji (Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Mee-Ree (Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.40, no.3, 2011 , pp. 366-371 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of the commercial black garlic (NHBG: Namhae black garlic, USBG: Uiseng black garlic, CNBG: Changnyung black garlic) and FABG (fermented and aged black garlic). The sugar contents of NHBG, USBG, CNBG, and FABG were 42.7, 42.7, 56.7 and $54.7^{\circ}Brix$, respectively, whereas the reducing sugar contents were 15.0, 16.0, 23.5 and 25.9%. The pH decreased with the processing of the fermented aged black garlic, whereas the acidity increased. In addition, the thiol content was the highest in fermented and aged black garlic (p<0.05). The antioxidant activities by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of fermented and aged black garlic were much higher than those of the other samples. Total phenol contents of NHBG, USBG, CNBG and FABG were 0.64 mg/mL, 0.60 mg/mL, 0.68 mg/mL and 0.72 mg/mL, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activity of fermented and aged black garlic were much higher then those of the other samples. FRAP values of NHBG, USBG, CNBG, and FABG were 1.7 mg/mL, 1.4 mg/mL, 1.7 mg/mL and 1.9 mg/mL, respectively. Based on these results, it is suggested that the fermented and aged black garlic was appropriate for good qualities in terms of both physicochemical and antioxidative activities.
Keywords
black garlic; fermented and aged black garlic; total thiol; antioxidant activity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 12  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 2
연도 인용수 순위
1 Miller NJ, Rice-Evans CA. 1997. Factors affecting the antioxidant activity determined by the ABTS radical cation assay. Free Radic Res 26: 195-199.   DOI
2 Kim YP, Lee GW, Oh HI. 2006. Optimization of extraction conditions for garlic oleoresin and changes in the quality characteristics of oleoresin during storage. Korean J FoodNutr 19: 219-226.   과학기술학회마을
3 Son CW, Jeon MR, Kim MH, Kim MR. 2008. Quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of green tea garlicpaste added calcium. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 24: 876-881   과학기술학회마을
4 Machizuki E, Yamamoto T, Suzuki S, Nakazawa H. 1996.Electrophoretic identification of garlic and garlic products.J AOAC Intl 79: 1466-1470
5 Park HH, Lee YN, Lee KH, Kim TH. 2004. World of garlic.Hyoilbooks, Seoul, Korea. p 91-94.
6 Choi DJ, Lee SJ, Kang MJ, Cho HS, Sung NJ, Shin JH.2008. Physicochemical characteristics of black garlic (Allium sativum L.). J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 465-471.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
7 AOAC. 1995. Official methods of analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arington, VA, USA.
8 Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": The FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 230: 70-79.
9 Pellegrin N, Re R, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. 1998. Screening of dietary carotenoids and carotenoid-rich fruit extracts for antioxidant activities applying 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation decolorization assay. Method Enzymol 299: 379-289.
10 Bas SK, Kim MR. 2002. Effects of sodium metabisulfite and adipic acid on browning of garlic juice concentrate duringstorage. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 18: 73-80.   과학기술학회마을
11 Kim HK, Jo KS, Shin DB, Kim IH. 1987. Effects of phosphate complex treatment on the quality of dried garlic flakes. Korean J Food Sci Technol 19: 75-80.   과학기술학회마을
12 Manian R, Anusuya N, Siddhyraju P, Manian S. 2008. The antioxidant activity and free radical of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntz, Ficus bengalensis L. and Ficus racemosa L. Food Chem 107: 1000-1007.   DOI
13 Jo JS. 1990. Food materials. Gijeunyungusa, Seoul, Korea.p 154-155.
14 Hwang HR. 2010. A study on antioxidant activities and analysis of bioactive compound of the extract fraction from leaves of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) by cultivar. MS Thesis. Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
15 Ryu K, Ide N, Matsuura H, Itakura Y. 2001. $N{\alpha}$-(1-deoxy-D-fructose-1-yl)-L-arginine, an antioxidant compound identified in aged garlic extract. J Nutr 131: 972S-976S.   DOI
16 Shin JH, Choi DJ, Lee SJ, Cha JY, Sung NJ. 2008. Antioxidant activity of black garlic (Allium sativum L.). J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 965-971.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
17 Chung SK. 1997. Hydroxy radical scavenging effects of speices and scavengers from brown mustard. Biosci Biotech Biochem 61: 118-123.   DOI
18 Cho YS, Kim SI, Han YS. 2008. Effect of slander glasswort extract yogurt on quality during storage. Korean J FoodCookery Sci 24: 212-221.   과학기술학회마을
19 Lee JW, Lee SK, Do JH, Shim KH. 1998. Characteristics of the water soluble browning reaction of Korean red ginsengas affected by heating treatment. J Ginseng Res 22:193-199.   과학기술학회마을
20 Shin JH, Kim GM, Kang MJ, Yang SM, Sung NJ. 2010.Preparation and quality characteristics of yogurt with black garlic extracts. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 26: 307-313.   과학기술학회마을
21 Pinto JT, Krasnikov BF, Cooper AJ. 2006. Redox-sensitive proteins are potential targets of garlic-derived mercaptocysteine derivatives. J Nutr 136: 835S-841S.   DOI
22 Yu MH, Im HG, Lee HJ, Ji YJ, Lee IS. 2006. Components and their antioxidative activities of methanol extracts fromsarcocarp and seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis Rehder.Korean J Food Sci Technol 38: 128-134.   과학기술학회마을
23 Kang MH, Choi CS, Kim ZS, Chung HK, Min KS, ParkCG, Park HW. 2002. Antioxidative activities of ethanol extract prepared from leaves, seed, branch, and aerial part ofCrotalaria sessiflora L. Korean J Food Sci Technol 34:1098-1102.   과학기술학회마을
24 Sanchez-Gonzalez I, Jimenez-Escrig A, Saura-Calixto F.2005. In vitro, antioxidant activity of coffees brewed using different procedures (Italian, espresso and filter). Food Chem 90: 133-139.   DOI