Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2020.35.1.13

Survey on Fusarium Mycotoxin Contamination in Oat, Sorghum, Adlay, and Proso Millet during the Harvest Season in Korea  

Lee, Mi Jeong (Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Wee, Chi-Do (Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Ham, Hyenheui (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Choi, Jung-Hye (Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Baek, Ji Sun (Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Lim, Soo Bin (Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Lee, Theresa (Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Kim, Jeom-Soon (Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Jang, Ja Yeong (Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Publication Information
Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety / v.35, no.1, 2020 , pp. 13-22 More about this Journal
Abstract
A total of 244 cereal samples (oat, sorghum, adlay, and proso millet) were collected from fields to examine the contamination of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals during harvest season in 2017 and 2018. The contamination levels of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEA) were analyzed individually by using the immunoaffinity column clean-up method with ultra performance liquid chromatography, and fumonisins (FUM) were analyzed by using the QuEChERS method with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Highest level of NIV contamination (120.0-3277.0 mg/kg) was observed in oat samples among the analyzed cereals. In the adlay samples, DON contamination was the highest (maximum level 730.0 ㎍/kg). The proso millet samples had a high frequency of detection of NIV and ZEA (61.5% and 57.9%, respectively), but the levels were low (average detection level of NIV, 75.6 ㎍/kg, for ZEA, 21.5 ㎍/kg). Among the cereal samples, sorghum had the highest contamination frequency of DON, ZEA, and FUM, and the co-occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxin was 70.0%, which was higher than the average of 29.9%. In order to safely manage Fusarium mycotoxin levels in cereals, continuous research on the development of contamination prevention technologies together with monitoring of mycotoxin contamination is needed.
Keywords
Cereals; Fusarium; Mycotoxin; Oat; Sorghum;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 11  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Cole, R.J., Cox, R.H., 1981. Handbook of Toxic Fungal Metabolites. Academic Press, New York.
2 Filtenborg, O., Frisvad, J.C., Thrance, U., Moulds in food spoilage. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 33, 85-102 (1996).   DOI
3 Choi, H.W., Hong, S.K., Kim, W.G., Lee, Y.K., Diversity and pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with head blight of Job's tears. Kor. J. Mycol., 39, 217-222 (2011).   DOI
4 Wei, W., Jiao-Jie, M., Chuan-Chuan, Y., Xiao-Hui, L., Hong-Ry, Jiang., Bing, S., Feng-Qin, Li., Simultaneous determination of masked deoxynivalenol and some important type B trichothecens in Chinese corn kernels and corn-based products by Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem., 60, 11638-11646 (2012).   DOI
5 Arnold, D., McGuire, P., Nera, E., Karpinski, K., Bickis, M., Zawidzka, A., Fernie, S., Vesonder, R., The toxicity of orally administered deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) in rats and mice. Food Chem, Toxicol., 24, 935-941 (1986).   DOI
6 Mirocha, C., Christensen, C., Nelson, G., 1971. Microbial toxins. In F-2 (Zearalenone) Estrogenic Mycotoxin from Fusarium, 7rd Ed. (Kadis, A., Ciegler, A. and Ajl, S.J. eds.) Academic Press, New York, pp. 107-138
7 Yoshizawa, T., Yanashita, A., Luo, Y., Fumonisin occurrence in corn from high- and low-risk areas for human esophageal cancer in China. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60, 1626-1629 (1994).   DOI
8 National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, 2016. Risk Assessment of Mycotoxins. Publication Registration Number (11-1471057-000206-01), pp. 357.
9 Calori-Domingues, M.A., Bernardi, C.M., Nardin, M.S., de Souza, G.V., Dos Santos, F.G., Stein, Mde A., Gloria, E.M., Dias, C.T., de Camargo, A.C., Co-occurrence and distribution of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone in wheat from Brazil. Food Addit. Contam. part B Surveill., 9, 142-151 (2016).   DOI
10 Pleadin, J., Vahcic, N., Persi, N., Sevelj, D., Markov, K., Frece, J., Fusarium mycotoxins'occurrence in cereals harvested from Croatian fields. Food Control, 32, 49-54 (2013).   DOI
11 Ji, F., Xu, J., Liu, X., Yin, X., Shi, J., Natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in wheat from Jiangsu province, China. Food Chem., 157, 393-397 (2014).   DOI
12 Chilaka, C.A., De Boevre, M.M., Atanda, O.O., De Saeger, S., Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in Cereals crops and processed products (Ogi) from Nigeria. Toxins., 8, 342, (2016).   DOI
13 Kim, D.-H., Jang, H.-S., Choi, G.-I., Kim, H.-J., Kim, H.-J, Kim, H.-L., Cho, H.-J., Lee, C., Occurrence of mycotoxins in Korean grains and their simultaneous analysis. Korean J. Food SCI. Technol., 45, 111-119 (2013).   DOI
14 Lee, T., Lee, S., Kim, L.-H., Ryu, J.-G., Occurrence of fungi and Fusarium mycotoxins in the rice samples from rice processing complexes. Res. Plant Dis., 20, 289-294 (2014).   DOI
15 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2016. Korea Food Code (Test Methods). Korea, notice 2016-154.
16 Choi, J.-H., Lee, S., Nah, J.-Y., Kim, H.-Y., Paek, J.-S., Lee, S., Ham, H., Hong, S.K., Yun, S.-H., Lee, T., Species composition of and fumonisin production by the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex isolated from Korean cereals. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 267, 62-69 (2018).   DOI
17 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2016. Guidelines on standard procedures for preparing test methods, including food. Korea, notice 2017-57.
18 Lee, T., Lee, S., Lee, J.-H., Yun, J.-C., Oh, K.-S., Natural occurrence of mycotoxin and fungi in Korean rice. Res. Plant Dis., 18, 261-267 (2012).   DOI
19 Lehotay, S.J., Matovska, K., Lightfield, A.R., Use of buffering and other means to improve results of problematic pesticides in a fast and easy method for residue analysis of fruits and vegetables. J. AOAC Int., 88, 615-629 (2005).   DOI
20 Ryu, J.-G., Lee, S., Lee, S.-H., Son, S.-W., Nam, Y.J, Kim, M., Lee, T., Yun, J.-C., Natural occurrence of Fusarium head blight and its mycotoxins in 2010-harvested barley and wheat grains in Korea. Res. Plant Dis., 17, 272-279 (2011).   DOI
21 Kim, J.-K., Kim, Y.-S., Lee, C.-H., Seo, M.Y., Jang, M.K., Ku, E.-J., Park, K.-H., Yoon, M.-H., A study on the safety of mycotoxins in grains and commonly consumed foods. J. Food Hyg. Saf., 32, 470-476 (2017).   DOI
22 Lee, T., Lee, S.-H., Lee, S.-H., Shin, J.Y., Yun, J.-C., Lee, Y.-W., Ryu, J.G., Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in rice and its milling by-products in Korea. J. Food Prot., 74, 1169-1174 (2011).   DOI
23 Yang, Y., Lee, H. H., Kim, A.G., Ryu, K.Y., Choi, S.Y., Seo, D.R., Seo, K.W., Cho, B.S., Survey of mycotoxin contamination in grains and grain products. J. Food Hyg. Saf., 34, 205-211 (2019).   DOI
24 Karlovsky, P., Suman, M., Berthiller, F., De Meester, J., Eisenbrand, G., Perrin, I., Oswald, IP., Speijer, G., Chiodini, A., Recker, T., Dussort, P., Impact of food processing and detoxification treatments on mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxin Res., 32, 179-205 (2016).   DOI
25 Zheng, Y., Hossen, S.M., Sago, Y., Yoshida, M., Nakagawa, H., Nagashima, H., Okadome, H., Nakajima, T., Kushiro, M., Effects of milling on the content of deoxynivalneol, nivalenol, and zearalenone in Japanese wheat. Food Control, 40, 193-197 (2014).   DOI
26 Yazdanpanah, H., Shephard, G.S., Marasas, W.F.O., Westhuizen, V.D., Rahimian, H., Safavi, S.N., Eskandari, P.E., Ghiasian, S.A., Human dietary exposure to fumonisin B1 from Iranian maize harvested during 1998-2002. J. Mycopathologia., 161, 395-401 (2006).   DOI
27 Birzele, B., Prenge, A., Kramer, J., Deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A in German wheat and changes of level in relation to storage parameters. Food Addit. Contam., 17, 1027-1035 (2000).   DOI
28 Mateo, J.J., Mateo, R., Jimenez, M., Accumulation of type A trichothecenes in maize, wheat and rice by Fusarium sporotrichoides isolates under diverse culture conditions. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 72, 115-123 (2002).   DOI
29 Miller, J.D., Fungi and mycotoxins in grain: implications for stored products research. J. Stored Prod Res., 31, 1-6 (1995).   DOI
30 Cano-Sancho, G., Ramos, A.J., Marin, S., Sanchis, V., Occurrence of fumonisins in Catalonia (Spain) and an exposure assessment of specific population groups. Food Addit. Contam. Part A., 29, 799-808 (2012).   DOI
31 Korea Meteorological Administraction, (2019, September 19). Ground observation data, Retrieved from http://www.weather.go.kr/weather/climate/past_cal.jsp
32 Ibanez-Vea, M., Lizarrage, E., Gonzalez-Penas, E., Cerain A.L., Co-occurrence of type-A and type-B trichothecenes in barley from a northern region of Spain. Food Control, 25, 81-88 (2012).   DOI
33 Pleadin, J., Frece, J., Lesic, T., Zadravec, M., Vahcic, N., Staver, M.M., Markov, K., Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in unprocessed cereals and soybean from different cultivation regions in Croatia. Food Addit. Contam. Part B Surveill., 10, 268-274 (2017).
34 Liu, Y., Jiang, Y., Li, R., Pang, M., Liu, Y., Dong, J., Natural occurrence of fumonisins B1 and B2 in maize from eight provinces of China in 2014. Food Addit. Contam. Part B Surveill., 10, 113-117 (2017).   DOI
35 Ryu D., Hanna M.A., Bullerman L.B., Stability of zearalenone during extrusion of corn grits. J. Food Prot., 62, 1482-1484 (1999).   DOI
36 Boudra, H., Le, Bars P., Le, Bras J., Thermostability of ochratoxin A in wheat under two moisture conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61, 1156-1158 (1995).   DOI
37 Bullerman, L.B., Bianchini, A., Stability of mycotoxins during food processing. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 119, 140-146 (2007).   DOI
38 Jackson, L.S., Hlywka, J.J., Senthil, K.R., Bullerman, L.B., Musser, S.M., Effects of time, temperature, and pH on the stability of fumonisin B1 in an aqueous model system. J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, 906-912 (1996).   DOI
39 Health Canada. Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, 2009. CH Information document of Health Canada's proposed maximum limits (standards) for the presence of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A in foods.
40 European Commission. Commission regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuff. Official Journal of the European Union, L 364, 5-24 (2006).
41 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2011. Mycotoxin Regulatory Guidance. National Grain and Feed Association: Washington. DC, USA, pp. 1-9.
42 Smith M.C., Nadec S., Coton E., Hymery N., Natural cooccurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds and their in vitro combined toxicological effects. Toxins, 8, 94 (2016).   DOI
43 Yoshizawa, T., and Morooka, M., Studies on the toxic substances in infected cereals. IV. Acute toxicities of new trichothecene mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol and its monoacetate. J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn., 15, 261-268 (1974).   DOI
44 Lee, S.-H., Lee, J., Nam, Y.J., Lee, S., Ryu, J.-G., Lee, T., Population structure of Fusarium graminearum form maize and rice in 2009 in Korea. Plant Pathol. J., 26, 321-327 (2010).   DOI
45 Shin, S., Son, J.-H., Park, J.-C., Kim, K.H., Yoon, Y., Cheong, Y.-K., Kim, K.-H., Hyun, J.-N., Park, C.S., Dill-Macky R., Kang C.-S.: Comparative pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum isolates from wheat kernels in Korea. Plant Pathol. J., 34, 347-355 (2018).   DOI
46 Ok H.E., Choi S.-W., Chung S.H., Kang Y.-W., Kim D.-S., Chun H.S., Natural occurrence of type-B trichothecene mycotoxins in Korean cereal-based products. Food Addit. Contam. Part B Surveill., 4, 132-140 (2011).   DOI
47 Kouadio J.H., Dano S.D., Moukha S., Mobio T.A., Creppy E.E., Effect of combinations of Fusarium mycotoxins on the inhibition of macromolecular synthesis, malondialdehyde levels, DNA methylation and fragmentation, and viabillity in Caco-2 cells, Toxicon, 49, 306-317 (2007).   DOI
48 Kouadio, J.H., Moukha, S., Brou, K., Gnakri, D., Modulation of fumonisins B1 toxic action-induced by zearlenone in human intestianl cells Coco-2. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res., 2, 315-320 (2013).
49 Wan, L.Y.L., Turner, P.C., El-Nezami, H., Individual and combined cytotoxic effects of Fusarium toxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins B1 on swine jejunal epithelial cells. Food Chem. Toxicol., 57, 276-283 (2013).   DOI