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http://dx.doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2014.29.4.334

A Study on Migration of Heavy Metals from Kitchen Utensils Including Glassware, Ceramics, Enamel, Earthenware and Plastics  

Choi, Jae-Chon (Food Additives and Packages Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Park, Se-Jong (Food Additives and Packages Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Goh, Hyeah (Food Additives and Packages Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Lee, Ju Yeun (Imported food analysis division, Gyeogin Regional Food and Drug Administration)
Eom, Mi Ok (Imported food analysis division, Gyeogin Regional Food and Drug Administration)
Kim, Meehye (Food Additives and Packages Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Publication Information
Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety / v.29, no.4, 2014 , pp. 334-339 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the migration level of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), hexavalent chromium ($Cr^{6+}$) and mercury (Hg) from cookwares into food simulants and to evaluate the safety of each heavy metals. The test articles for heavy metals were glassware, ceramics, enamel, earthenware, polypropylene and polyethylene cookwares for Pb and Cd, enamel for Sb, earthenware for As, polyethylene and polypropylene cookwares for $Cr^{6+}$ and Hg. All the article samples of 391 intended for contact with foods were purchased in domestic markets. Pb, Cd, Sb and As were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), $Cr^{6+}$ by UV visible spectrophotometer and Hg by mercury analyzer. The migration levels of heavy metals in all the samples were within the migration limits of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). As a result of safety evaluation, our results showed that the estimated daily intakes (EDI, mg/kg bw/day) were $9.12{\times}10^{-6}$ and $8.83{\times}10^{-7}$ for Pb and Cd from ceramics and $1.19{\times}10^{-5}$, $1.23{\times}10^{-5}$ and $7.52{\times}10^{-6}$ for Pb, Cd and Sb from enamel. Tolerable daily intakes (TDI, mg/kg bw/day) were established respectively as 0.0036, 0.00081, 0.0021, and 0.0006 for Pb, Cd, As and Hg by JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives), as 0.0060 for Sb by WHO (World Health Organization). When comparing with TDIs, the EDIs accounted for 0.25% and 0.11% for Pb and Cd from ceramics and 0.33%, 1.52% and 0.13% for Pb, Cd and Sb from enamel.
Keywords
glassware; ceramics; cookwares; heavy metal; ICP-OES;
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