Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2013.28.2.130

Detection Characteristics of Gamma-Irradiated Seeds by using PSL, TL, ESR and GC/MS  

Kim, Kyu-Heon (New Hazardous Substances Team, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Son, Jin-Hyok (Hazardous Substances Analysis Division, Seoul Regional Food and Drug Administration)
Kang, Yoon-Jung (Hazardous Substances Analysis Team, Busan Regional Food and Drug Administration)
Park, Hye-Young (Imported Food Analysis Team, Gyeongin Regional Food and Drug Administration)
Kwak, Ji-Young (New Hazardous Substances Team, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Lee, Jae-Hwang (New Hazardous Substances Team, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Park, Yong-Chjun (New Hazardous Substances Team, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Jo, Tae-Yong (Hazardous Substances Analysis Team, Busan Regional Food and Drug Administration)
Kim, Jae-I (New Hazardous Substances Team, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Lee, Hwa-Jung (New Hazardous Substances Team, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Lee, Sang-Jae (New Hazardous Substances Team, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Han, Sang-Bae (New Hazardous Substances Team, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Publication Information
Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety / v.28, no.2, 2013 , pp. 130-137 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the applicability of the photostimulated luminescence (PSL), thermoluminescence (TL), electron spin resonance (ESR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods for 5 seeds which are not allowed to be irradiated in Korea. All 5 seeds including evening primrose seed, safflower seed, rape seed, sunflower seed and flax seed were analyzed. Samples were irradiated at 1~10 kGy using a $^{60}Co$ gamma-ray irradiator. In PSL study, the photon counts of all the unirradiated samples showed negative (lower than 700). The photon counts of irradiated (1, 5, 10 kGy) samples showed positive (higher than 5,000). In TL analysis, results showed that it is possible to apply TL method to all foods containing minerals. In ESR measurements, the ESR signal (single-line) intensity of irradiated foods was higher than non-irradiated foods. The hydrocarbons 1,7-hexadecadiene ($C_{16:2}$) and 8-heptadecene ($C_{17:1}$) from oleic acid were detected only in the irradiated samples before and after the treatment at doses ${\geq}$ 1 kGy, but they were not detected in non-irradiated samples before and after treatment. These two hydrocarbons could be used as markers to identify irradiated safflower seed, rape seed, Sunflower seed and flax seed. And then, the hydrocarbons 1,7,10-hexadecatriene ($C_{16:3}$) and 6,9-heptadecadiene ($C_{17:2}$) from linoleic acid were detected in the evening primrose seed, safflower seed and sunflower seed. According to the results, PSL, TL and GC/MS methods were successfully applied to detect the irradiated foods. It is concluded that PSL, TL and GC/MS methods are suitable for detection of irradiated samples and a combined method is recommendable for enhancing the reliability of detection results.
Keywords
Seeds; Irradiation; Detection; PSL; TL; ESR; GC/MS;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kwon, J.H., Chung, H.W., Kim, B.K., Ahn, J.J., Kim, G.R., Jo, D.J. and An K.A.: Research and Application of Identification Methods for Irradiated Foods. Safe Food, 6, 11-27 (2011).
2 IAEA: Analytical detection methods for irradiated foods. A review of current literature. IAEA-TECDOC-587. pp. 7-172 (1991).
3 Delincee, H.: Detection of food treated with ionizing radiation. Trends in Food Sci. Tech., 9, 73-82 (1998).   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Hwang, K.T., Park, J.Y. and Kwon, Y.J.: Hydrocarbons detected in irradiated soybean. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 30, 517-522 (1998).
5 Lee, E.T., Kim, M.O., Lee, H.J., Kim, K.S. and Kwon, J.H.: Detection characteristics of hydrocarbons from irradiated legumes of Korean and Chinese origins. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 30, 770-776 (2001).   과학기술학회마을
6 Oh, K.N., Kim, K.E. and Yang, J.S.: Detection of irradiated beans using the DNA comet assay. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 29, 843-848 (2000).   과학기술학회마을
7 Kim, B.K. and Kwon, J.H.: Identification Characteristics of irradiated Dried Red Pepper during Storage by Analysis of Thermoluminescence, DNA Comet, and DEFT/APC. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 36, 851-856 (2004).   과학기술학회마을
8 Delincee, H.: Analytical methods to identify irradiated food a review. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 36, 603-607 (1990).
9 IAEA: Homepage www.iaea.org/icgfi (2005).
10 IAEA: Clearance of item by country (2006).
11 WHO: Wholesomeness of Irradiated Food (report of a joint FAO/IAEA/WHO expert committee). Technical Report Series-659, pp. 7-34 (1981).
12 Codex Alimentarius Commission: Codex General Standard for Irradiated Foods. CODEX STAN106-1983, REV.1-2003 (2008).
13 Chung, H.W., Kwon, J.H. and Delincee, H.: Photostimulated luminescence thermoluminescence application to detection of irradiated while white ginseng powder. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 32, 265-270 (2000).
14 Oduko, J.M. and Spyrou, N.M.: Thermoluminescence of irradiated food stuffs. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 36, 603-607 (1990).
15 Hasan, M. and Delincee, H.: Detection of radiation treatment of spices and herbs of asian origin using thermoluminescence of mineral contaminants, Appl. Radiat. Isol., 46, 1071-1075 (1995).   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Schreiber, G.A.: Thermoluminescence and photostimulated luminescence techniques to indentify irradiated foods. In Detection Methods for Irradiated foods. (McMurrat, C.H., Stewart, E.M., Gray, R. and Pearce, J. eds.) The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, pp. 121-123 (1996).
17 Cerda, H., Delincee, H., Haine, H. and Rupp, H.: The DNA Comet assay as a rapid screening technique to control irradiated food. Mut. Res., 375, 167-181 (1997).   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Raffi, J.J. and Benzaria, S.M.: Identification of irradiated foods by electron spin resonance techniques. J. Radiat. Steril., 1, 281-304 (1993).
19 Merehouse, K.W. and Ku, T.: Identification of irradiated foods by monitering radiolytically produced hydrocarbons. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 42, 359-362 (1993).   DOI   ScienceOn
20 McKelvey-Martin, V.J., Green, M.H.L., Schmezer, P., poolzobel, B., De Meo, MP, and Collinns, A.: The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). A Europwan review. Mut. Res., 288, 47-63 (1993).   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Cho, J.I., Lee, J.A., Lee, S.H. and Hwang, I.G.: Monitoring on the foods not approved for irradiation in korea by PSL and TL detection method. J. Fd Hyg. Safety, 25, 73-78 (2010).
22 Kim, K.H., Choi, E.J., Chang, H.W., Shin, C.S., Kim, M.Y., Hwang, C.R., Kim, E.J., Jo, T.Y., Park, G.S., Kang, M.H., Kim, J.I., Kim, J.S., Park, S.N., Seong, R.S., Jang, Y.M., Yoon, H.S. and Han, S.B.: Studies on the application of PSL, TL and ESR methods for the detection of irradiated foods not allowed to be irradiated in Korea. J. Fd Hyg. Safety, 27, 233-246 (2012).   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Chung, H.W., Delincee, H., Han, S.B., Hong, J.H., Kim, H.Y. and Kwon, J.H.: Characteristics of DNA Comet, Photostimulated Luminescence, Thermoluminescence and Hydrocarbon in Perilla Seeds Exposed to Electron Beam. J. Food Sci., 67, 2517-2522 (2002).   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Lee, J.E., Kausar, T. and Kwon, J.H.: Characteristic Hydrocarbons and 2-Alkylcyclobutanones for Detecting ${\gamma}$-Irradiated Sesame Seeds after steaming, Roasting and Oil Extraction. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 10391-10395 (2008).   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Hwang, K.T.: Hydrocarbons detected in irradiated pork, bacon and ham. Food Res. Int., 32, 389-394 (1999).   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Kwon, J.H.: Commercialization of food irradiation technology and the identification of irradiated foods. Food Science and Industry, 36, 50-55 (2003).
27 Hwang, K.T., Yoo, J.H., Kim, C.K., Uhm, T.B., Kim, S.B., and Park, H.J.: Hydrocarbons detected in irradiated and heattreated eggs. Food Res. Int., 34, 321-328 (2001).   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Regulation of Food Irradiation: Food Code. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, pp. 151-152 (2005).
29 Codex Alimentarius Commission: Codex General Standard for Irradiated Foods and Recommended International Code of Practice for the Operation of Radiation Facilities Used for the Treatment of foods. CAC/VOL. XV, FAO, Rome, pp. 1-13 (1984).
30 Kwon, J.H., Chung, H.W. and Kwon, Y.J.: Infrastructure of quarantine procedures for promoting the trade of irradiated foods. Paper presented at Symposium of The Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of the Safety of food and Public Health Industries and Quality Assurance. Daejeon, 13 October, pp. 209-254 (2000).
31 KFDA: Food Code. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea, pp. 2-1-10-2-1-11 (2012).
32 Chung, H.W., Park, S.K., Han, S.B., Choi, D.M. and Lee, D.H.: Apprication of PSL-TL Combined Detection Method on irradiated Composite Seasoning Products and Spices. J. Fd Hyg. Safety, 23, 206-211 (2008).
33 Kwon, J.H., Kim, M.Y., Kim, B.K., Lee, J.E., Kim, D.H., Lee, J.W., Byun, M.W. and Lee, C.B.: Identification characteristics of irradiated dried-spicy vegetables by analyzing photostimulated luminescence (PSL), thermoluminescence (TL) and electron spin resonance (ESR). Korean J. Food Preserv., 13, 5-54 (2006).   과학기술학회마을
34 FAO/WHO CODEX STAN: General Codex Methods for The Detection of Irradiated Foods. CODEX STAN 231-2001, Rev.1 (2003).