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http://dx.doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2019.51.1.70

Non-saponin fraction of red ginseng inhibits monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and inflammatory responses in vitro  

Kang, Bobin (Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University)
Kim, Chae Young (Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University)
Hwang, Jisu (Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University)
Choi, Hyeon-Son (Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology / v.51, no.1, 2019 , pp. 70-80 More about this Journal
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of red ginseng-derived non-saponin fraction (NSF) on inflammatory responses and monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in RAW264.7 and THP-1. NSF effectively inhibited inflammatory responses by downregulating nitric oxide (NO) production and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). NSF ($2000{\mu}g/mL$) decreased the levels of NO, iNOS, and COX-2 by 33, 83, and 64%, respectively. NSF inhibited the differentiation of monocyte-to-macrophage by decreasing cell adherence along with downregulation of the cluster of differentiation molecule $11{\beta}$ ($CD11{\beta}$) and CD36. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), were significantly reduced with NSF treatment. The NSF-mediated inhibition of inflammatory responses was due to the regulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). NSF effectively suppressed the translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ into the nucleus, while nuclear Nrf2 and its target protein, heme oxygenase-1, levels were significantly increased.
Keywords
Non-saponin fraction of red ginseng; nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ($NF-{\kappa}B$); nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2); inflammatory responses; monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation;
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Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
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