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http://dx.doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2018.50.5.555

Polysaccharide isolated from fermented barley extract activates macrophages via the MAPK and NF-κB pathways  

Kim, Han Wool (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University)
Jee, Hee Sook (Food and Biotechnology Research Center, ILHWA Co., Ltd.)
Shin, Kwang-Soon (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology / v.50, no.5, 2018 , pp. 555-563 More about this Journal
Abstract
Barley has nutritional benefits due to its high dietary fiber content; therefore, the intake of whole barley grains is recommended. However, barley is often consumed in the fermented form because of the improved texture and digestibility. The present study was designed to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathway for macrophage activation by the polysaccharide BF-CP from fermented barley. BF-CP is a neutral polysaccharide, composed of neutral sugars, including glucose (70.7%), xylose (11.4%), and arabinose (9.0%). BF-CP exhibited macrophage-stimulatory activity by inducing the production of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, and nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Further, BF-CP treatment strongly increased the IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Signal transduction experiments using immunoblotting showed that BF-CP phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38, and nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$, in RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that BF-CP activates the macrophages via MAPK and $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathways, and also induces an increase in the production of cytokines.
Keywords
fermented barley; macrophage; polysaccharide; immunostimulatory activity; signaling pathway;
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