Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2012.44.3.367

Antioxidant Effects of Extracts from Fermented Red Ginseng Added with Medicinal Herbs in STZ-induced Diabetic Rats  

Kim, Hyun-Jeong (The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources, Keimyung University)
Lee, Sung-Gyu (Department of Food and Technology, Keimyung University)
Park, Sung-Jin (Department of Food and Technology, Keimyung University)
Yu, Mi-Hee (Department of Food and Technology, Keimyung University)
Lee, Eun-Ju (Bio Research Institute, NUC Electronics Co. Ltd.)
Lee, Sam-Pin (The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources, Keimyung University)
Lee, In-Seon (Department of Food and Technology, Keimyung University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology / v.44, no.3, 2012 , pp. 367-372 More about this Journal
Abstract
Antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities of fermented red ginseng added with 5 kinds of medicinal herbs (FRGM) were investigated in vitro. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents in FRGM extracts were $22.41{\pm}3.51$ and $16.80{\pm}4.22{\mu}g/mg$, respectively. FRGM extracts were capable of directly scavenging DPPH free radicals ($RC_{50}=95.57{\pm}7.40{\mu}g/mL$), and then showed higher inhibitory activities for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. This study was also conducted to evaluate the effects of FRGM extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (DM) rats. The activities with regards to serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly decreased by FRGM extracts compared to those from the STZ group. The hepatic glutathione content depleted by STZ was significantly increased by FRGM extracts, but elevation of lipid peroxide content induced by STZ was significantly decreased by FRGM extracts. The decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase after STZ-treatment were increased through the treatment of FRGM extracts. These results indicated that fermented red ginseng added with medicinal herbs can protect against STZ-induced diabetic rats through its antioxidant properties.
Keywords
fermented red ginseng; medicinal herb; streptozotocin; antioxidant;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 7  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Latha M, Pari L. Modulatory effect of Scoparia dulcis in oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J. Med. Food 6: 379-386 (2003)   DOI
2 Kitamura JF, Yamazaki T, Camba EA, Sato K. Change in activities of glutathione reductase during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Gunn. 74: 649-655 (1983)
3 Halliwell B, Gutterridge JM. Roles of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease. An overreview. Methods Enzymology. Vol. 186. Fleischer S, Packer L (eds). Academic Press, New York, NY, USA. pp.1-12 (1990)
4 Lai DM, Tu YK, Liu IM, Chen PF, Cheng JT. Mediation of betaendorphin by ginsenoside Rh2 to lower plasma glucose in sterptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Planta Med. 72: 9-13 (2006)   DOI
5 Bompart GJ, Prevot DS, Basacands JL. Rapid automated analysis of glutathione reductase, peroxidase and S-transferase activity: Application to cisplatin induced toxicity. Clin. Biochem. 23: 501-504 (1990)   DOI
6 Matsui T, Ueda T, Oki T, Sugita K, Terahara N, Matsumoto K. $\alpha$-Glucosidase inhibitory action of natural acylated anthocyanins 1. Survey of natural pigments with potent inhibitory activity. J. Agr. Food Chem. 49: 1948-1951 (2001)   DOI
7 Folin O, Denis W. On phosphotungastic-phosopho-mdybdic compounds as color reagents. J. Biol. Chem. 12: 239-249 (1912)
8 Nivea MMI, Sampietro AR, Vattuone MA. Comparison of the free radical-scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. J. Ethnopharmacol. 71: 109-114 (2000)   DOI
9 Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl group. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 82: 70-72 (1959)   DOI
10 Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yaki K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem. 95: 351-358 (1979)   DOI
11 Reitman S, Frankel S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 28: 56-63 (1957)   DOI
12 Marklund S, Marklund CT. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autooxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 47: 469-474 (1974)   DOI
13 Aebi H. Catalase in Methods of Enzymatic analysis. Vol. 2. Vergmeyer HU (ed.). Academic Press, New York, NY, USA. pp.673-698 (1974)
14 Paglia ED, Valentine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 70: 158-169 (1967)
15 Mize CE, Langdon RG. Hepatic glutathione reductase: I. Purification and general kinetic properties. J. Biol. Chem. 237: 1589-1595 (1962)
16 Lowry OH, Rosebrough NH, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275 (1951)
17 Kim DJ, Seug KS, Kim DW, Ko SR, Chang CC. Antioxidative effects of red ginseng saponins on paraquot-induced oxidative stress. J. Ginseng Res. 28: 5-10 (2004)   과학기술학회마을   DOI
18 Hwang KY, Kim YH, Cho YS, Park YS, Lee JY, Kang KD, Kim K, Joo DK, Ahn DK, Seong SI. Hypoglycemic effect of fermented soybean culture mixed with mulberry leaves on neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 37: 452-458 (2008)   과학기술학회마을   DOI
19 Asano N. Oseki K, Tomioka E, Kizu H, Matsui K. N-containing sugars from Morus alba and their glycosidase inhibitory activities. Carbohydr. Res. 259: 243-255 (1994)   DOI
20 Jeong HJ, Lee SK, Lee EJ, Park WD, Kim JB, Kim HJ. Antioxidant activity and anti-hyperglycemic activity of medicinal herbs extracts according to different extraction methods. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 42: 571-577 (2010)
21 Kim JS, Kim KW, Choi KJ, Kwak YK, Im KS, Lee KH, Chung HY. Screening of antioxidative components from red ginseng saponin. J. Ginseng Res. 20: 173-178 (1996)
22 Park SN, Choi SW, Boo YC, Kim CK, Lee TY. Effects of flavonoids of ginseng leaves on erythrocytes membrane against singlet oxygen caused damage. J. Ginseng Res. 14: 191-199 (1990)
23 Cross EE, Halliwell B, Borish ET, Pryor WA, Ames BN, Saul RL. Oxygen radicals and human disease (clinical conference). Ann. Intern. Med. 107: 526-545 (1987)   DOI
24 Kim SK. Evaluation of antioxidant activity. Safe Food 4: 35-40 (2008)
25 West IC. Radicals and oxidative stress in diabetes. Diabetes Med. 17: 171-180 (2000)   DOI
26 Kimura M, Chen F, Nakashima N, Kimura I, Asano N, Koya S. Antihyperglycemic effects of N-containing sugars derived from mulberry leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J. Trad. Med. 12 : 214-219 (1995)
27 Lee EB, Kim OK. Antihypercemic constituent of Aratia elata root bark(1)-Antihypercemic action of the extract and fractions. Korean J. Pharmacol. 24: 213-218 (1993)
28 Choi HJ, Kim NJ, Kim DH. Inhibitory effects of crud drugs on $\alpha$-glucosidase. Arch. Pharm. Res. 23: 261-266 (2000)   DOI
29 Lee MS, Han MK, Lee KB. Park SS. Effects of Chinese medical material extract on plasma lipids and glucose in male rats. Korean J. Food Nutr. 16: 146-151 (2003)   과학기술학회마을
30 Yang KM, Shin SR, Jang JH. Effect of combined extract of safflower seed with Herbs on blood glucose level and biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 35: 150-157 (2006)   과학기술학회마을   DOI
31 Attelek AS, Wu JA, Tuan CS. Ginseng pharmacology: Multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem. Pharmacol. 58: 1685-1693 (1999)   DOI
32 Yun SH, Joo CN. Study on the preventive effect of ginsenoside against hypercholesterolemia and its mechanism. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 17: 1-12 (1983)
33 Kim US, Koh HK, Kang SK. Study of the effects of different products of ginseng radix aqua-acupuncture on the alloxaninduced diabetic rats. J. Korean Acupuncture Moxibustion Soc. 6: 1-13 (1989)
34 Lee CK, Choi JW, Kim HK, Han YN. Biological activities of acidic polysaccharide of Korean red ginseng. II. Effects on hyperlipidemia I induced by alcohol. J. Ginseng Res. 23: 8-12 (1999)
35 Trinh HT, Han SJ, Kim SW, Lee YC, Kim DH. Bifidus fermentation increases hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of red ginseng. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17: 1127-1133 (2007)
36 Ahn KJ. Westernization of Korean diabetes. Korea Clin. Diabetes 11: 91-94 (2010)
37 Kim DH. Metabolism of ginsenosides to bioactive compounds by intestinal microflora and its industrial application. J. Ginseng Res. 33: 165-176 (2009)   DOI
38 Kim HJ, Chae IG, Lee SG, Jeong HJ, Lee EJ, Lee IS. Effects of fermented red ginseng extracts on hyperglycemia in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. J. Ginseng Res. 34: 104-112 (2010)   DOI
39 Kim HJ, Lee SG, Chae IG, Kim MJ, Im NK, Yu MH, Lee EJ, Lee IS. Antioxidant effects of fermented red ginseng extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Ginseng Res. 35: 129-137 (2011)   DOI
40 Georg P, Ludvik B. Lipid and diabetes. J. Clin. Basic Cardiol. 3: 159-162 (2000)
41 Sakurai T, Tsuchiya S. Superoxide production from nonenzymatically glycated protein. FEBS Lett. 236: 406-410 (2006)
42 Lones TJ. Oxidized low density lipoproteins: a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Diabetes Med. 8: 411-419 (1991)   DOI
43 Tai ES, Lim SC, Tan BY, Chew SK, Heng D, Tan CE. Screening for diabetes mellitus: a two-step approch in individuals with impaired fasting glucose improves in detection of those at risk of complications. Diabetes Med. 17: 771-775 (2000)   DOI
44 Adeghate E, Parvez SH. Nitric oxide and neuronal and pancreatic beta cell death. Toxicology 153: 143-156 (2000)   DOI
45 Laybutt DR, Kaneto H, Hasenkamp W, Grey s, Jonas JC, Sgroi DC, Groff A, Ferran C, Bonner-Weir S, Sharma A, Weir GC. Increased expression of antioxidant and antiapoptic genes in islets that may contribute to $\beta$-cell survival during chronic hyperglycemia. Diabetes 51: 413-456 (2002)   DOI