Browse > Article

Monitoring of Aflatoxins in Medicinal Herbs  

Kim, Yong-Hoon (Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Kang, Han-Saem (Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Oh, Sun-Woo (Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Lee, Hwa-Jung (Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Kim, Mi-Gyeong (Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Chung, So-Young (Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Choi, Seon-Hee (Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Bang, Su-Jin (Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Han, Kyung-Jin (Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Lee, Ji-Won (Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Kim, Young-Seon (Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Kim, Hee-Yun (Seoul Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology / v.42, no.1, 2010 , pp. 27-32 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to monitor aflatoxins in various medicinal herbs, providing available data for the safety of those products. To monitor aflatoxins in medicinal herbs, a total of 400 samples of 40 different herbs were collected in commercial retailers in Seoul, Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu, and Busan from March to August, 2008. The samples that passed the sensory evaluation were tested for aflatoxins. Aflatoxins in samples were analyzed by HPLC-florescence coupled with photochemical enhancement. Samples were extracted with 70% methanol and then diluted to the appropriate concentration. A refining process was performed using an immunoaffinity column. The analytical method used in this study was validated. The $R^2$ value for aflatoxin $B_1$ was 0.99946, and the detection range was from 0.25 to 10.0 ng/mL. The accuracy of the analysis was ranged from 83.2% to 101.8%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) in the aflatoxin $B_1$ analysis was 3.4%, demonstrating the precision of this method. In addition, the detection limit and quantitative analysis limit of aflatoxin $B_1$ was $0.53\;{\mu}g/kg$ and $1.76\;{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. These results indicated that the analytical method used in this study was appropriate. The results of HPLC showed that 1% (4 samples) of the samples may contain aflatoxins. The concentration of quantified aflatoxin was $2.3\;{\mu}g/kg$ for both Quisqualis fructus and Remotiflori radix samples. The other samples were below the limit of quantification. Moreover, the concentration of aflatoxin $B_1$ which is made by specific fungi were below the level of regulation. Only 20% of aflatoxin $B_1$ were transferred to hot water. Therefore, the levels of aflatoxins in medicinal herbs were considered to be safe especially considering the aflatoxin transfer ratio.
Keywords
aflatoxin; medicinal herb; mycotoxin;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Papadopoulou-Bouraoui A, Stroka J, Anklam E. Comparision of two post-column derivatization systems, ultraviolet irradiation, and electrochemical determination, for the liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in food. J. AOAC Int. 83: 411-416 (2002)
2 Nilufer D, Boyacioglu D. Comparative study of three different methods for the determination of aflatoxins in tahini. J. Agr. Food Chem. 50: 3375-3379 (2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Edinboro LE, Karnes HT. Determination of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in sidestream cigarette smoke by immunoaffinity column extraction coupled with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1083: 127-132 (2005)   DOI
4 Devi KT, Mayo MA, Reddy KL, Delfosse P, Reddy G, Reddy SV, Reddy DV. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies for aflatoxin $B_{1}$. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 29: 284-288 (1999)   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Trucksess M, Weaver C, Oles C, D'ovidio K, Rader J. Determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in ginseng and other botanical roots by immunoaffinity column cleanup and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, J. AOAC Int. 89: 624-630 (2006)
6 Tavacar-Kalcher G, Vrtac K, Pestevssk U, Vengust A. Validation of procedure for the determination of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in animal liver using immunoaffinity columns and liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatation and fluorescence detection. Food Control 18: 333-337 (2007)   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Cho SH, Lee CH, Jang MR, Son YW, Lee SM, Choi IS, Kim SH, Kim DB. Aflatoxins contamination in spices and processed spice products commercialized in Korea, Food Chem. 107: 1283-1288 (2008)   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Waltking AE, Wilson D. Liquid chromatographic analysis of aflatoxin using post-column photochemical derivatization: Collaborative study, J. AOAC Int. 89: 678-692 (2006)
9 Chung DH, Park SJ, Shim WB, Yang ZY, Kim JY, Thoungrussamee T, Jiratpong T, Choi JG, Je JH, Gang YF, Jeon YG, Yu SH, Kim KY. Study on the establishment of mycotoxin standard in herbal medicine. The Annual Report of KFDA, Korea. 10: 589-590 (2006)
10 Wang Y, Chai T, Lu G, Quan C, Duan H, Yao M, Zucker BA, Schlenker G. Simultaneous detection of airbone aflatoxin, ochratoxin and zearlalenone in a poultry house by immunoaffinity clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography. Environ. Res. 107: 139-144 (2008)   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Autrup JL, Schmidt J, Autrup H. Exposure to aflatoxin B1 in animal-feed production plant workers. Environ. Health Persp. 99: 195-197 (1993)
12 Ventura M, Gomez A, Anaya I, Diaz J, Broto F, Agut M, Comellas L. Determination of aflatoxins $B_{1}$, $G_{1}$, $B_{2}$, and $G_{2}$ in medical herbs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectometry, J. Chromatogr. A 1048: 25-29 (2004)
13 Bacaloni A, Cavaliere C, Cucci F, Foglia P, Samperi R, Lagana A. Determination of aflatoxins in hazelnuts by various sample preparation methods and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrosmetry. J. Chromatogr. A. 1179: 182-189 (2008)   DOI
14 Shim WB, Park SJ, Seo JA, Chung DH. Study of mycotoxin in herbal medicine. The Annual Report of KFDA, Korea. 11: 775-776 (2007)
15 Gobel R, Rusky K. Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and zearlalenone in grains by new immunoaffinity column/liquid chromatography. J. AOAC Int. 87: 411-416 (2004)