Browse > Article

Starch Liquefaction and Residence Time Distribution in Twin-Screw Extrusion of ${\alpha}$-Starch  

Kim, Sung-Uk (Department of Food Science and Technology, Donggguk University)
Lee, Seung-Ju (Department of Food Science and Technology, Donggguk University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology / v.41, no.4, 2009 , pp. 369-373 More about this Journal
Abstract
${\alpha}$-Waxy corn starch was used as a feed for twin-screw extrusion in order to enhance starch liquefaction with added thermostable ${\alpha}$-amylase (derived from Bacillus licheniformis). The residence time distribution and starch liquefaction were investigated. The starch liquefaction was analyzed in terms of reducing sugar contents, molecular size from gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and microstructure from scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The use of ${\alpha}$-starch contributed to the production of more reducing sugar than the use of raw starch use alone. From GPC, the effect of ${\alpha}$- starch on the molecular size reduction was shown to be small. From SEM, irregular and damaged surface were observed on the extrudate from ${\alpha}$-starch, as compared to those from raw starch. The spread of residence time distribution curves was greater with feed of ${\alpha}$-starch than raw starch, indicating that ${\alpha}$-starch was hard to flow forward during extrusion. This could be improved by increasing the feed moisture content and barrel temperature of extruder.
Keywords
twin-screw extrusion; starch liquefaction; ${\alpha}$-starch; residence time distribution;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
1 Lee YH, Park JS. Direct conversion of raw starch to maltose in an agitated bead enzyme reactor using fungal alpha-Amylase. Korean J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 19: 290-295 (1991)
2 Xie F, Yu L, Liu H, Chen L. Starch modification using reactive extrusion. Starch-Strke 58: 131-139 (2006)   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Singh B, Rizvi SSH. Residence time distribution (RTD) and goodness of mixing (GM) during CO$_2$-injection in twin-screw extrusion. Part II: GM studies. J. Food Process Eng. 21: 111-126 (1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Wen LF, Rodis P, Wasserman BP. Starch fragmentation and protein insolubilization during twin-screw extrusion of corn meal. Cereal Chem. 67: 268-275 (1990)
5 Gautam A, Choudhury GS. Screw configuration effects on residence time distribution and mixing in twin-screw extruders during extrusion of rice flour. J. Food Process Eng. 22: 263-285 (1999)   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Altomare RE, Ghossi P. An analysis of residence time distribution patterns in a twin-screw cooking extruder. Biotechnol. Progr. 2: 157-163 (1986)   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Kim HY, Park KH. Characterization of bacterial $\alpha$-amylase by determination of rice starch hydrolysis product. J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem. 29: 248-254 (1986)
8 Pushpadass HA, Marx DB, Hanna MA. Effects of extrusion temperature and plasticizers on the physical and functional properties of starch films. Starch/Strke 60: 527-538 (2008)   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Kim KH, Park SH. Liquefaction and saccharification of tapioca starch for fuel ethanol production. Korean J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 10: 304-316 (1995)
10 Han JY, Kim MH, Tie J, Solihin BW, Ryu GH. Extrusion of ginseng root in twin screw extruder: Pretreatment for hydrolysis and saccharification of ginseng extrudate. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 11: 318-322 (2006)   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substance. Anal. Chem. 28: 350-356 (1956)   DOI
12 Likimani TA, Sofos JN, Maga JA,. Harper JM. Extrusion cooking of corn/soybean mix in presence of thermostable $\alpha$-amylase. J. Food Sci. 56: 99-105 (1991)   DOI
13 Singh B, Rizvi SSH. Residence time distribution (RTD) and goodness of mixing (GM) during CO$_2$-injection in twin-screw extrusion. Part I: RTD studies. J. Food Process Eng. 21: 91-110 (1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Grafelman DD, Meagher MM. Liquefaction of starch by a singlescrew extruder and post-extrusion static-mixer reactor. J. Food Eng. 24: 529-542 (1995)   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Politz ML, Timpa JD, Wasserman BP. Quantitative measurement of extrusion-induced starch fragmentation products in maize flour using nonaqueous automated gel-permeation chromatography. Cereal Chem. 71: 532-536 (1994)   ScienceOn
16 Sagar AD, Merrill EW. Starch fragmentation during extrusion processing. Polymer 36: 1883-1886 (1995)   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Rodis P, Wen LF, Wasserman BP. Assessment of extrusioninduced starch fragmentation by gel-permeation chromatography and methylation Analysis. Cereal Chem. 70: 152-157 (1993)   ScienceOn
18 Guy R. Extrusion Cooking: Technology and Applications. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL, USA. pp. 88-92 (2000)
19 Mali S, Grossmann MVE. Preparation of acetylated distarch adipates by extrusion. Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. 34: 384-389 (2001)   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Vasanthan T, Yeung J, Hoover R. Dextrinization of starch in barley flours with thermostable alpha-Amylase by extrusion cooking. Starch-Strke 53: 616-622 (2001)   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Seker M. Residence time distributions of starch with high moisture content in a single-screw extruder. J. Food Eng. 67: 317-324 (2005)   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Miladinov VD, Hanna MA. Starch esterification by reactive extrusion. Ind. Crop Prod. 11: 51-57 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn