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Effects of Soaking Conditions on the Manufacture of Calcium Enriched Rice  

Yang, Seung-Joon (Public Health and Environment Research Institute of Chung Cheong Buk-Do)
Min, Young-Kyoo (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University)
Jeong, Heon-Sang (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk Provincial University)
Cho, Kyeong-Ju (Public Health and Environment Research Institute of Chung Cheong Buk-Do)
Park, Kwang-Soon (Public Health and Environment Research Institute of Chung Cheong Buk-Do)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology / v.35, no.4, 2003 , pp. 604-609 More about this Journal
Abstract
In order to investigate the transfer rate of calcium into rice and the effect of soaking conditions-temperature (20, 30, 40, 50 and $60^{\circ}C$, $X_1$), calcium concentration of soaking solution (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/L, $X_2$) and soaking time (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min, $X_3$), moisture absorption rate, hardness and calcium content of rice after soaking were analyzed. When the soaking temperature and time were increased the moisture absorption rate also increased (p<0.01). Quadratic and interaction effects on the moisture absorption rate among variables were highly significant, within 5%. The predictive model for moisture absorption rate $(Y_1)$ was as follows: $Y=16.14+0.78X_1+1.24X_3-0.23X_1{^2}+0.14X_2{^2}-0.42X_3X_1-0.38X_3{^2}\;(R^2=0.9123)$. Hardness was decreased as soaking time and temperature increased. Calcium contents of soaked rice increased as temperature, the calcium concentration of soaking solution and soaking time were increased (p<0.01). Also the interactive effect between soaking time and calcium concentration of soaking solution was high. The predictive model for calcium content $(Y_3)$ was as follows: $Y_3=470.80+110.87X_1+123.47X_2+52.29X_3-7.42X_1{^2}-14.87X_2{^2}-9.49X_3X_2-20.57X_3{^2}\;(R^2=0.9840)$. From the results in this study, if adults and children take 400 g of calcium enriched rice with 600 mg/kg and $700{\sim}900\;mg/kg$, respectively, they can expect to take more calcium than the recommended intake without other calcium reinforcing agents.
Keywords
calcium enriched rice; soaking temperature; soaking time; calcium concentration; response surface analysis;
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