Browse > Article

The effects of external focusing strategies on a tennis skill learning  

Ahn, Byung-Sun (Yonsei Univ.)
Ko, Wi-Sug (Yonsei Univ.)
Yook, Dong-Won (Yonsei Univ.)
Hong, Seog-Beom (Yonsei Univ.)
Lee, Han-Woo (Yonsei Univ.)
Shin, Jung-Taek (Yonsei Univ.)
Publication Information
한국체육학회지인문사회과학편 / v.46, no.1, 2007 , pp. 283-293 More about this Journal
Abstract
The effectiveness of two different external focusing strategies were compared on the learning of a externally-paced motor skill, tennis volley. Specifically, investigated was the influence of (a) task-general strategy, a comprehensive external focusing strategy that could be used for various sport skills; and (b) task-specific strategy, an optimized external focusing strategy that could be used for a specific sport situation. Forty eight university students (male tennis beginners) were randomly assigned to one of three different groups (task-general strategy group, task-specific strategy group, and control group). They performed 150 trials to learn a tennis volley task in a practice session and then 20 more trials each in a retention session and a transfer session. The goal of the task was hitting the target area with the tennis ball. Deviation scores from the center of the target area were recorded. The results of the experiment indicated that participants who used the task-specific strategy as well as participants who used the task-general strategy, performed the tennis volley task better than the participants who did not use any external focusing strategy, and the participants used the task-specific strategy performed better than the other participants in the retention session.
Keywords
cognitive strategy; tennis; focusing;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Ko, W., & Lee, K. (2002). Influence of cognitive strategies on learning and performance of golf-putting task. The Korean Journal of Education, 41(2), 61-68
2 Lidor, R., Tennant, K. L., & Singer, R. N. (1996). The generalizability effect of three learning strategies across motor task performances. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 27, 23-36
3 Singer, R. N. (1984). The learning of athletic skills and the use of strategies. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 15, 271-282
4 Singer, R. N. (1988). Strategies and metastrategies in learning and performing self-paced athletic skills. The Sport Psychologist, 2, 49- 68   DOI
5 Singer, R. N., Cauraugh, J. H., Lucariello, G., & Brown, H. J. (1985). Achievement in related psychomotor tasks as influenced by learning strategies. Perceptual and Motor skills, 60, 843-846   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Singer, R. N., & Lidor, R. (1993). Learning sports skills: The 'just do it' approach. International Journal of Physical Education, 18, 10-14
7 Wulf, G., Hob M., & Prinz, W. (1998). Instructions for motor learning differential effect of internal versus external focus of attention. Journal of Motor Behavior, 30(2), 169-197   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Wulf, G., Shea, C. H., & Park, J. H. (2001). Attention and motor performance: Preferences for advantages of an external focus. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72(4), 335-344   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Singer, R. N., Lidor, R., & Cauraugh, J. H. (1993). To be aware or not aware? What to think about while learning and perfa- rming a motor skill. The Sport Psychologist, 7, 19-30   DOI
10 Singer, R. N., Defrancesco, C., & & Randall, L. E. (1989). Effectiveness of a global learning strategy practiced in different contexts on primary and transfer self-paced motor tasks. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 11, 290-303   DOI
11 Ko, W. (2003). Influence of cognitive strategies on visual control and an aiming motor task. The Korean Journal of Education, 42(1), 89-97
12 Singer, R. N., & Cauraugh, J. H. (1984). Generalization of psychomotor learning strategies to related psychomotor tasks. Human Learning, 3, 215-225
13 강명학, 전준석(2003). 운동학습에서 주의초점이 테니스 기능학습에 미치는 영향. 한국체육학회지, 42(1), 81-88
14 Wulf, G., & Weigelt, M. (1997). Instructions about physical principles in learning a complex motor skill: To tell or not to tell. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68, 362-367   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Lidor, R. (1997). Effectiveness of structured learning strategy on acquisition of game-related gross motor tasks in school setting. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 67-80   DOI
16 Singer, R. N., & Suwanthada, S. (1986). The generalizability effectiveness of a learning strategy on achievement in related closed motor skills. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 57, 205-214   DOI
17 Singer, R. N., Lidor, R., & Cauraugh, J. H. (1994). Focus of attention during motor skill performance. Journal of Sports Science, 12, 335-340   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Wulf, G., lauterbach, B., & Toole, T. (1999). The learning advantages of an external focus of attention in golf. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 70(2), 120-126   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Lidor, R. (1999). Learning strategies and the enhancement of self-paced motor tasks: Theoretical and practical implications. In Lidor R. & Bar-Eli M. (Eds.), Sport Psychology: Linking Theory and Practice, 109-132. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology
20 Gallwey, W. T. (1982). The Inner Game of Tennis. New York: Bantam Books