Browse > Article

The Effects of the Frequency of Fish Consumption on the Blood Mercury Levels in Koreans  

Kim, Chan-Woo (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Masan Samsung Hospital, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University)
Kim, Young-Wook (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Masan Samsung Hospital, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University)
Chae, Chang-Ho (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Masan Samsung Hospital, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University)
Son, Jun-Seok (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Masan Samsung Hospital, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University)
Park, Seung-Hyun (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Masan Samsung Hospital, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University)
Koh, Jae-Chul (University, Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University)
Kim, Dae-Seon (Ministry of Environment, National Institute of Environmental Research (NER))
Publication Information
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / v.22, no.2, 2010 , pp. 114-121 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: We studied two districts in Korea in order to investigate if the frequency of fish consumption has an effect on the blood mercury levels. Methods: This survey was conducted on 164 fishing district residents in Geoje city and 219 agricultural district residents in Changwon city from July to August in 2008. The data on the demographic characteristics, the living environment, lifestyle habits and the frequency of fish consumption was collected by interviewers. We used ANOVA to estimate the particular relevance between the frequency of fish consumption and the blood mercury concentration, and other various factors. Results: The mean total blood mercury level was 6.54${\pm}$4.01 ${\mu}g$/L for the total study population. Our results were even higher than that of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (USA) in, 2001~2002 and the German Environmental Survey in, 1998. In this study, there was a significant difference for the frequency of eating fish between the groups. (p<0.01, The level of the groups that ate fish 3 to 4 times per week was significantly higher as compared with the level of the other groups that ate fish 2 to 3 times per month and 1 to 2 times per week, respectively). As the frequency of fish consumption increased, so did the blood mercury concentration. Conclusions: We found that the blood mercury concentration increases along with fish consumption and this was statistically significant and this fact reveals that fish consumption is positively related to the blood levels of mercury. Accordingly, we need systematic and periodic research on the general population to prevent mercury poisoning, which can be caused by low-level mercury exposure from dietary intake such as chronic fish consumption.
Keywords
Fish; Consumption; Mercury; Frequency; Blood;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Vahter M, Akesson A, Lind B, Bjors U, Schutz A, Berglund M. Longitudinal study of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in blood and urine of pregnant and lactating women, as well as in umbilical cord blood. Environ Res 2000;84(2):186-94.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Turner MD, Marsh DO, Smith JC, Inglis JB, Clarkson TW, Rubio CE, Chiriboga J, Chiriboga CC. Methylmrcury in populations eating large quantities of marine fish. Arch Environ Health 1980;35(6):367-78.
3 Korea Food & Drug Administration. Heavy metals standards list on food 2007(translated by Kim CW). Available: http://www.kfda.go.kr/index.kfda?mid=69&cd=56&pageNo=1&seq=3028&cmd=v [cited 15 September 2009].
4 U.S. Food and Drug Administration. What you need to know about mercury in fish and shellfish (brochure). Available: http://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm110591.htm [cited 15 September 2009].
5 Kim EH, Kim IK, Kwon JY, Kin SW, Park YW. The effect of fish consumption on blood mercury levels in pregnant women. Yonsei Med J 2006;47(5):626-33.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Food Standards Agency. Agency updates advice to pregnant and breastfeeding women on eating certain fish. Available: http://www.food.gov.uk/news/pressreleases/2003/feb/tuna_mercury [cited 15 September 2009].
7 Health Canada. Consumption advice: making informed choices about fish. Available:http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/securit/chem-chim/environ/mercur/cons-advetud-eng.php [cited 15 September 2009].
8 McDowell MA, Dillon CF, Osterloh J, Bolger PM, Pellizzari E, Fernando R, Montes de Oca R, Schober SE, Sinks T, Jones RL, Mahaffey KR. Hair mercury levels in US. children and women of childbearing age: reference range data from NHANES 1999-2000. Environ Health Perspect 2004;112(11):1165-71.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Murata K, Dakeishi M, Shimada M, Satoh H. Usefulness of umbilical cord mercury concentrations as biomarkers of fetal exposure to methylmercury. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2007;62(4):949-59.   DOI
10 World Health Organization. WHO Food additives series:52. Methylmercury. Available: http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v52je23.htm [cited15 September 2009].
11 Svensson BG, Nilson A, Jonsson E, Schutz A, Akesson B, Hagmar L. Fish consumption and exposure to persistent organochlorine compounds, mercury, selenium and methylamines among swedish fishermen. Scand J Work Environ Health 1995;21(2):96-105.   ScienceOn
12 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Advice for pregnant women on fish consumption concerning mercury contamination. Available: http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/wp/other/councils/mercury/[cited 20 March 2010].
13 European Commission. The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF), Annual report 2007. Available: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/report 2007_en.pdf [cited 15 September 2009].
14 Smith KM, Barraj LM, Kantor M, Sahyoun NR. Relationship between fish intake, n-3 fatty acids, mercury and risk markers of CHD (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002). Public Health Nutr 2009;12(8):1261-9.   DOI
15 Grandjean P, Weihe P, White RF, Debes F, Araki S, Yokoyama K, Murata K, Sorensen N, Dahl R, Jorgensen PJ. Cognitive defict in 7-year-old children with prenatal exposure to methylmercury. Neuroxoxicol Teratol 1997;19(6):417-28.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Schober SE, Sinks TH, Jones RL, Bolger PM, McDowell M, Osterloh J, Garrett ES, Canady RA, Dillon CF, Sun Y, Joseph CB, Mahaffey KR. Blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age, 1999-2000. JAMA 2003;289(13):1667-74.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Sakamoto M, Kubota M, Liu XJ, Murata K, Nakai K, Satoh H. Maternal and fetal mercury and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a risk and benefit of fish consumption to fetus. Environ Sci Technol 2004;38(14):3860-3.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Sato RL, Li GG, Shaha S. Antepartum seafood consumption and mercury levels in newborn cord blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;194(6):1683-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Grandjean P, White RF. Effects of methylmercury exposure on neurodevelopment. JAMA 1999;281(10):896.   DOI
20 Debes F, Budtz-Jorgensen E, Weihe P, White RF, Grandjean P. Impact of prenatal methylmercury exposure on neurobehavioral function at age 14 years. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2006;28(5):536-47.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Myers GJ, Davidson PW, Cox C, Shamlaye CF, Palumbo D, Cernichiari E, Sloane-Reeves J, Wilding GE, Kost J, Huang LS, Clarkson TW. Prenatal methylmercury exposure from ocean fish consumption in the Seychelles child development study. Lancet 2003;361(9370):1686-92.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Davidson PW, Myers GJ, Cox C, Wilding GE, Shamlaye CF, Huang LS, Cerni chiari E, Sloane-Reeves J, Palumbo D, Clarkson TW. Methylmercury and neurodevelopment: Longitudinal analysis of the Seychellse child development cohort. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2006;28(5):529-35.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Tsuchiya H, Mitani K, Kodama K, Nakata T. Placental transfer of heavy metals in normal pregnant Japanese women. Arch Environ Health 1984;39(1):11-7.   ScienceOn
24 Morgan JN, Berry MR , Graves RL. Effects of commonly used cooking practices on total mercury concentration in fish and their impact on exposure assessments. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1997;7(1):119-33.
25 Urieta I, Jalon M, Eguilero I. Food surveillance in the Basque Country (Spain). II. Estimation of the dietary intake of organochlorine pesticides, heavy metals, arsenic, aflatoxin M1, iron and zinc through the Total Diet Study, 1990/91. Food Addit Contam 1996;13(1):29-52.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Mahaffey KR, Clickner RP, Bodurow CC. Blood organic mercury and dietary mercury intake: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 and 2000. Environ Health Perspect 2004;112(5):562-70.
27 Falter R, Scholer HF. Determination of methyl-, ethyl-, phenyl and total mercury in Neckar River fish. Chemosphere 1994;29(6):1333-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Storelli MM, Stuffler RG, Marcotrigiano GO. Total and methylmercury residues in tuna-fish from the Mediterranean sea. Food Addit Contam 2002;19(8):715-20.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Chan HM, Egeland GM. Fish consumption, mercury exposure, and heart disease. Nutr Rev 2004;62(2):68-72.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Grandjean P, White RF, Weihe P, Jorgensen PJ. Neurotoxic risk caused by stable and variable exposure to methylmercury from seafood. Ambul Pediatr 2003;3(1):18-23.   DOI
31 Environmental Health Perspectives. Blood mercury reporting in NHANES : identifying asian, pacific islander, native american, and multiracial groups. Available : http://ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/fetchArticle.action?articleURI=info:doi/10.1289/ehp.8464 [cited 27 June 2010].
32 Chung WJ, Kim YS, Lee JD, Kim MH, Bae JH. A case of mercury poisoning due to herb drug pills. Korean J Med 1980;23(8):719-22. (Korean)
33 Wee KS, Choi TS, Lee SJ, Cho WY, Kim HK. A clinical study of chronic mercury poisoning. Korean J Med 1990;38(1) :51-7. (Korean)
34 Umwelt Budndes Amt For Our Environment. Health and environmental hygine german environmental survey 1998. Available : http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/gesundheit-e/survey/us98/blut.htm [cited 27 June 2010].
35 Korea Ministry of Environment. The second hazardous substances survey in korens(translated by Kim CW). Available: http://me.go.kr/kor/notice/notice_02_01.jsp?id=notice_02&mode=view&idx=166672 [cited 27 June 2010].
36 Houston MC. The role of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in vascular disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13(2):128-33.
37 Amin-Zaki L, Elhassani S, Majeed MA, Clarkson TW, Doherty RA, Greenwood M. Intra-uterine methylmercury poisoning in Iraq. Pediatrics 1974;54(5):587-95.
38 Harada M, Akagi H, Tsuda T, Kizaki T, Ohno H. Methylmercury level in umbilical cords from patients with congenital Minamata disease. Sci Total Environ 1999;234 (1-3):59-62.   DOI
39 Harada M. Minamata disease: Methylmercury poisoning in Japan caused by environmental pollution. Crit Rev Toxicol 1995;25(1):1-24.   DOI   ScienceOn