Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/JKAPD.2022.49.2.140

Surface Roughness of Dentin and Formation of Early Cariogenic Biofilm after Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide Application  

Haeni, Kim (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Howon, Park (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Juhyun, Lee (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Siyoung, Lee (Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry / v.49, no.2, 2022 , pp. 140-148 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) on the formation of cariogenic biofilm and surface roughness in vitro. A total of 48 bovine dentin specimens with artificially induced caries were prepared and divided into 3 groups of 16: untreated control, SDF-treated, and SDF-treated followed by KI (SDFKI). Ten specimens from each group were used to observe microbial adhesion. Multispecies cariogenic biofilms including Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans were cultured on the specimens. Microbes were cultured for 24 hours, and the colony-forming unit was calculated. The remaining specimens were observed by atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The number of bacteria was significantly lower in the SDF and SDFKI groups. KI did not inhibit the antibacterial activity of SDF significantly. SEM images showed particles generated after SDF and SDFKI application were deposited on the dentin, but there was no significant difference in surface roughness between the 3 groups. This study confirmed that SDF and SDFKI application did not have a significant effect on the surface roughness of dentin, but effectively inhibited the formation of the early cariogenic bacterial film after 24 hours compared to the control.
Keywords
Silver diamine fluoride; Potassium iodide; Cariostatic agents; Biofilms; Surface roughness;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Pitts NB, Zero DT, Ismail, A, et al. : Dental caries. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 3:1-16, 2017. 
2 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry : Policy on the use of silver diamine fluoride for pediatric dental patients. Pediatr Dent, 39:51-53, 2017. 
3 Marcenes W, Kassebaum NJ, Murray CJ, et al. : Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis. J Dent Res, 92:592-597, 2013.    DOI
4 Mei ML, Li Q, Samaranayake LP, et al. : Antibacterial effects of silver diamine fluoride on multi-species cariogenic biofilm on caries. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, 12:1-7, 2013.    DOI
5 Crystal YO, Marghalani AA, Graham L, et al. : Use of silver diamine fluoride for dental caries management in children and adolescents, including those with special health care needs. Pediatr Dent, 39:135-145, 2017. 
6 Rosenblatt A, Stamford TC, Niederman R : Silver diamine fluoride: a caries "silver-fluoride bullet". J Den Res, 88:116-125, 2009.    DOI
7 Oliveira BH, Rajendra A, Veitz-Keenan A, Niederman R : The effect of silver diamine fluoride in preventing caries in the primary dentition: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Caries Res, 53:24-32, 2019.    DOI
8 Roberts A, Bradley J, Sharma D, et al. : Does potassium iodide application following silver diamine fluoride reduce staining of tooth? A systematic review. Aust Dent J, 65:109-117, 2020.    DOI
9 Nguyen V, Neill C, Felsenfeld J, Primus C : Potassium Iodide. The solution to silver diamine fluoride discoloration? Health, 5:55565, 2017. 
10 Liu Y, Ren Z, Hwang G, Koo H : Therapeutic strategies targeting cariogenic biofilm microenvironment. Adv Dent Res, 29:86-92, 2018.    DOI
11 Bollen CM, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M : Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: a review of the literature. Dent Mater, 13:258-269, 1997.    DOI
12 Lou Y, Darvell BW, Botelho MG : Antibacterial effect of silver diamine fluoride on cariogenic organisms. J Contemp Dent Pract, 19:591-598, 2018.    DOI
13 Chu CH, Mei LEI, Seneviratne CJ, Lo ECM : Effects of silver diamine fluoride on dentine carious lesions induced by Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces naeslundii biofilms. Int J Paediatr Dent, 22:2-10, 2012. 
14 Schwendicke F, Eggers K, Paris S, et al. : In vitro Induction of residual caries lesions in dentin: comparative mineral loss and nano-hardness analysis. Caries Res , 49:259-265, 2015.    DOI
15 Hamama HH, Yiu CK, Burrow MF : Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide on residual bacteria in dentinal tubules. Aust Dent J, 60:80-87, 2015.    DOI
16 Zhao IS, Gao SS, Chu CH, et al. : Mechanisms of silver diamine fluoride on arresting caries: a literature review. Int Dent J, 68:67-76, 2018. 
17 Song JS : The effect of silver diamine fluoride in preventing dental caries. J Korean Dent Assoc, 56:424-431, 2018.    DOI
18 Sayed M, Tsuda Y, Tagami J, et al. : Effects of mechanical abrasion challenge on sound and demineralized dentin surfaces treated with SDF. Sci Rep, 10:19884, 2020. 
19 Haiat A, Ngo HC, Samaranayake LP, Fakhruddin KS : The effect of the combined use of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide in disrupting the plaque biofilm microbiome and alleviating tooth discoloration: A systematic review. PloS One, 16:0252734, 2021. 
20 Detsomboonrat P, Thongmak P, Sooampon S, et al. : Optimal concentration of potassium iodide to reduce the black staining of silver diamine fluoride. J Dent Sci, 17:300-307, 2022.    DOI
21 Horst JA, Ellenikiotis H, Caries Arrest Committee, et al. : UCSF protocol for caries arrest using silver diamine fluoride: rationale, indications, and consent. J Calif Dent Assoc, 44:16-28, 2016. 
22 Seo M, Song JS, Kim YJ, et al. : The effect of silver diamine fluoride on salivary biofilm. J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent, 47:406-415, 2020.    DOI
23 Struzycka I : The oral microbiome in dental caries. Pol J Microbiol, 63:127, 2014. 
24 Karpinski TM, Szkaradkiewicz AK : Microbiology of dental caries. J Biol Earth Sci, 3:21-24, 2013. 
25 Eidt G, Waltermann EDM, Hilgert JB, Arthur RA : Candida and dental caries in children, adolescents and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol, 119:104876, 2020. 
26 Xiao J, Huang X, Koo H, et al. : Candida albicans and early childhood caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Caries Res, 52:102-112, 2018.    DOI
27 Vinson LA, Gilbert PR, Gregory RL, et al. : Silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide disruption of in vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilm. J Dent Child, 85:120-124, 2018. 
28 Takahashi M, Matin K, Tagami J, et al. : Effects of silver diamine fluoride preparations on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Dent Mater J, 40:911-917, 2021.    DOI
29 Zhao IS, Mei ML, Chu CH, et al. : Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide treatment on secondary caries prevention and tooth discolouration in cervical glass ionomer cement restoration. Int J Mol Sci, 18:340, 2017. 
30 de Freitas MTM, Soares TT, Zanin ICJ, et al. : Effect of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy on mono- and multi-species cariogenic biofilms: a literature review. Photomed Laser Surg, 35:239-245, 2017.    DOI
31 Cury MS, Silva CB, Geraldo-Martins VR, et al . : Surface roughness and bacterial adhesion on root dentin treated with diode laser and conventional desensitizing agents. Lasers Med Sci, 33:257-262, 2018.    DOI
32 Hosoya N, Honda K, Lino F, Arai T : Changes in enamel surface roughness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel after vital bleaching. J Dent, 31:543-548, 2003.    DOI
33 Kierek-Pearson K, Karatan E : Biofilm development in bacteria. Adv Appl Microbiol, 57:79-111, 2005.   DOI