Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/JKAPD.2016.43.1.8

Prevalence of Periodontopathogens in Saliva and Plaque of Korean Children and Adolescents  

Choi, Hyejin (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University)
Kim, Jaehwan (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University)
Lee, Daewoo (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University)
Yang, Yeonmi (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University)
Kim, Jaegon (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry / v.43, no.1, 2016 , pp. 8-16 More about this Journal
Abstract
Early colonization of periodontal pathogens has been related as a risk indicator for the subsequent development of periodontal disease. Such colonization can be easily detected with mediums like saliva and plaque. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the bacteria associated with periodontal disease in saliva and plaque in healthy children and adolescents. The experiment was conducted using 90 samples from subjects consisting of thirty elementary school students, thirty high school students and thirty adults. PCR was used to detect the prevalence and distribution of five periodontal pathogens in the collected saliva and plaque. The detected periodontal pathogens are as follows: A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, F. nucleatum and P. intermedia. Periodontal pathogens were prevailed in a higher number of adolescents than the number of children. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. intermedia were detected the most in the adolescents group. T. forsythia and F. nucleatum were detected the most in the children group. The overall result showed that saliva is more a useful medium than supragingival plaque. The detection of high risk periodontal pathogens in children and adolescents without clinical signs of periodontal disease can emphasize the importance of the early diagnosis and preventive approach.
Keywords
Periodontal pathogens; Saliva; Plaque; PCR;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kimura S, Ooshima T, Hamada S, et al. : Periodontopathic bacterial infection in childhood. J Periodontol, 73:20-26, 2002.   DOI
2 Lim SM, Choi NK, Oh JS, et al. : Periodontopathic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes of oral biofilms in children. J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent, 38:170-178, 2011.   DOI
3 Albandar JM, Rams TE : Risk factors for periodontitis in children and young persons. Periodontol 2000, 29:207-222, 2002.   DOI
4 Guncu GN, Tozum TF, Caglayan F : Effects of endogenous sex hormones on the periodontium--review of literature. Aust Dent J, 50:138-145, 2005.   DOI
5 Mariotti A, Mawhinney M : Endocrinology of sex steroid hormones and cell dynamics in the periodontium. Periodontol 2000, 61:69-88, 2013.   DOI
6 Lopez NJ : Occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia in progressive adult periodontitis. J Periodontol, 71:948-954, 2000.   DOI
7 Kawada M, Yoshida A, Koga T, et al. : Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in relation to periodontal status assessed by real-time PCR. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 19:289-292, 2004.   DOI
8 Paju S, Pussinen PJ, Kononen E, et al. : Detection of multiple pathogenic species in saliva is associated with periodontal infection in adults. J Clin Microbiol, 47:235-238, 2009.   DOI
9 Mager DL, Ximenez-Fyvie LA, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS : Distribution of selected bacterial species on intraoral surfaces. J Clin Periodontol, 30: 644-654, 2003.   DOI
10 Slots J, Slots H : Bacterial and viral pathogens in saliva: disease relationship and infectious risk. Periodontol 2000, 55:48-69, 2011.   DOI
11 He J, Huang W, Chen H, et al. : Quantitative analysis of microbiota in saliva, supragingival, and subgingival plaque of Chinese adults with chronic periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig, 16:1579-1588, 2012.   DOI
12 Haririan H, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X, et al. : Microbial analysis of subgingival plaque samples compared to that of whole saliva in patients with periodontitis. J Periodontol, 85:819-828, 2014.   DOI
13 Boutaga K, Savelkoul PH, Winkel EG, van Winkelhoff AJ : Comparison of subgingival bacterial sampling with oral lavage for detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens by real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Periodontol, 78:79-86, 2007.   DOI
14 Sakamoto M, Takeuchi Y, Benno Y, et al. : Rapid detection and quantification of five periodontopathic bacteria by real-time PCR. Microbiol Immunol, 45:39-44, 2001.   DOI
15 Yoshida A, Suzuki N, Koga T, et al. : Development of a 5' fluorogenic nuclease-based real-time PCR assay for quantitative detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Clin Microbiol, 41:863-866, 2003.   DOI
16 Albandar JM : Global risk factor and risk indicators for periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000, 29:177-206, 2002.   DOI
17 Kang JG, Kim SH, Ahn TY : Bacterial diversity in the human saliva from different ages. J Microbial, 44:572-576, 2006.
18 Petersen PE : The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century - the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 31:3-23, 2003.   DOI
19 Ooshima T, Nishiyama N, Kimura S, et al. : Occurrence of periodontal bacteria in healthy children: a 2-year longitudinal study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 31:417-425, 2003.   DOI
20 Kulekci G, Leblebicioglu B, Badur S, et al. : Salivary detection of periodontopathic bacteria in periodontally healthy children. Anaerobe, 14:49-54, 2008.   DOI
21 Darby I, Curtis M : Microbiology of periodontal disease in children and young adults. Periodontology, 26:33-53, 2000.
22 Oh TJ, Eber R, Wang HL : Periodontal diseases in the child and adolescent. J Clin Periodontol, 29:400-410, 2002.   DOI
23 Ximenez-Fyvie LA, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS : Microbial composition of supra-and subgingival plaque in subjects with adult periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol, 27:722-732, 2000.   DOI
24 Mayanagi G, Sato T, Shimauchi H, Takahashi N : Detection frequency of periodontitis-associated bacteria by polymerase chain reaction in subgingival and supragingival plaque of periodontitis and healthy subjects. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 19:379-385, 2004.   DOI
25 Nadkarni MA, Chhour KL, Hunter N, et al. : Agedependent changes in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella species/phylotypes in healthy gingiva and inflamed/diseased sub-gingival sites. Clin Oral Investig, 19:911-919, 2015.   DOI
26 Okada M, Hayashi F, Nagasaka N : PCR detection of 5 putative periodontal pathogens in dental plaque samples from children 2 to 12 years of age. J Clin Periodontol, 28:576-582, 2001.   DOI
27 Califano JV : Research, Science and Therapy Committee American Academy of Periodontology. Position paper: periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. J Periodontol, 74:1696-1704, 2003.   DOI
28 Bimstein E : Periodontal health and disease in children and adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am, 38: 1183-1207, 1991.   DOI
29 Lim SM, Yang KH, Oh JS, et al. : Quantitative detection of periodontopathic bacteria using realtime PCR. J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent, 35:494-503, 2008.
30 Wade WG : The oral microbiome in health and disease. Pharmacol Res, 69:137-143, 2013.   DOI
31 Armitage G : Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol, 4:1-6, 1999.   DOI
32 Delaney JE, Kornman KS : Microbiology of subgingival plaque from children with localized juvenile periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 2:71-76, 1987.   DOI
33 Slots J, Ting M : Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in human periodontal disease: occurrence and treatment. Periodontol 2000, 20:82-121, 1999.   DOI
34 Okada M, Hayashi F, Nagasaka N : Detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in dental plaque samples from children 2 to 12 years of age. J Clin Periodontol, 27:763-768, 2000.   DOI