Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9709/JKSS.2010.19.4.011

An Efficient Routing Scheme based on Link Quality and Load Balancing for Wireless Sensor Networks  

Kim, Sun-Myeng (금오공과대학교 컴퓨터공학부)
Yang, Yeon-Mo (금오공과대학교 전자공학부)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation / v.19, no.4, 2010 , pp. 11-19 More about this Journal
Abstract
ZigBee is a standard for wireless personal area networks(WPANs) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. It has been developed for low cost and low power consumption. There are two alternative routing schemes that have been proposed for the ZigBee standard: Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV) and tree routing. The tree routing forwards packets from sensors to a sink node based on the parent-child relationships established by the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC topology formation procedure. In order to join the network, a sensor node chooses an existing node with the strongest RSSI(Received signal strength indicator) signal as a parent node. Therefore, some nodes carry a large amount of traffic load and exhaust their energy rapidly. To overcome this problem, we introduce a new metric based on link quality and traffic load for load balancing. Instead of the strength of RSSI, the proposed scheme uses the new metric to choose a parent node during the topology formation procedure. Extensive simulation results using TOSSIM(TinyOS mote SIMulator) show that the CFR scheme outperforms well in comparison to the conventional tree routing scheme.
Keywords
Cost function; Routing protocol; Tree routing; Sensor network; WPAN; ZigBee;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 J. Sanchez, P. Ruiz, and R. Marin-Perez, "Beacon-less geographic routing made practical: challenges, design guidelines, and protocols," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 85-91, 2009.   DOI
2 S. Subramanian and S. Shakkottai, "Geographic routing with limited information in sensor networks," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 4506-4519, 2010.   DOI
3 Y.-M. Yang and I. Jeon, "An efficient self routing scheme by using parent-child association for WSNs," LNCS 5370, pp. 785-794, 2008.
4 M. Al-Harbawi, M.F.A. Rasid, and N.K. Noordin, "Improved tree routing (ImpTR) protocol for ZigBee network," International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol. 9 no. 10, pp. 146-152, 2009.
5 H. Fariborzi and M. Moghavvemi, "EAMTR: energy aware multi-tree routing for wireless sensor networks," IET Communications, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 733-739, 2009.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 A. Koubaa, M. Alves, M. Attia, and A. Nieuwenhuyse, "Collision-free beacon scheduling mechanisms for IEEE 802.15.4/ Zigbee cluster-tree wireless sensor networks," Technical Report IPP-Hurray, TR-061104, 2006.
7 F. Cuomo, L. Della,U. Monaco, and F. Melodia, "Routing in ZigBee: benefits from exploiting the IEEE 802.15.4 association tree," IEEE ICC07, pp. 3271-3276, 2007.
8 E.M. Royer, C.E. Perkins, and S.R. Das, "Ad hoc ondemand distance vector (AODV) routing," RFC 3561.
9 W. Qiu, E. Skafidas, and P. Hao, "Enhanced tree routing for wireless sensor networks," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 638-650, 2009.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 C.E. Perkins and E.M. Royer, "Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing," in Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications, New Orleans, USA, pp. 90-100, 1999.
11 S. Giordano, I. Stojmenovic, and L. Blazevie, "Positionbased routing algorithms for ad hoc networks: a taxonomy," Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, pp. 103-36, 2004.
12 D.B. Johnson, D.A. Maltz, and J. Broch, DSR: the dynamic source routing protocol for multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks, Ad-Hoc Networking, Addison Wesley, pp. 139-172, 2001.
13 B. Zhang and H.T. Mouftah, "Energy-aware on-demand routing protocols for wireless ad hoc networks," Wireless Networks, vol. 12, pp. 481-494, 2006.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 J.-H. Chang and L. Tassiulas, "Routing for maximum system lifetime in wireless ad-hoc networks," in 37th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and Computing, 1999.
15 A. KOUBAA, M. ALVES, and E. TOVAR, "A comprehensive simulation study of slotted CSMA-CA for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks," IEEE WFCS'06, pp. 63-70, 2006.
16 P. Levis, N. Lee, M. Welsh, and D. Culler, "TOSSIM: accurate and scalable simulation of entire TinyOS applications," SenSys'03, 2003.