Browse > Article

Neurocognitive Deficits in Patients with Schizophrenia and Unaffected First-Degree Relatives  

Kim, DoHoon (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
Kim, Jiwoo (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
Hwang, Sunyoung (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
Kim, Byungsoo (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
Won, Seunghee (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry / v.21, no.2, 2014 , pp. 65-73 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to identify the differences and the profiles of cognitive deficits in remitted patients with schizophrenia and first-degree relatives of schizophrenic probands. Methods A total of 26 remitted states of schizophrenia patients were included in the study and the same number of unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenic probands and healthy controls were matched for age, sex, years of education. Cognitive function of all participants was measured by using the Digit span test, the Continuous performance test, the Rey auditory & visual learning test, the Complex figure test, the Verbal fluency test, the Wisconsin card sorting test and the Finger tapping test. The effects of subsyndromal symptomatology and general intelligence score were controlled. Results Schizophrenia patients' group showed more significant impairment than other groups in verbal memory (learning, immediate recall, delayed recall), visual memory (copy, immediate recall, delayed recall) and cognitive flexibility domains. The family group and the patient group commonly performed significantly worse than healthy controls in working memory and verbal fluency (category) tests. There were no differences in sustained attention, psychomotor performance. Conclusions Our research shows that the deficit in working memory and verbal fluency could be strong candidates of endophenotypic marker in schizophrenia.
Keywords
Schizophrenia; Neurocognitive function; First-degree relatives; Endophenotype;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Morrison MW, Gregory RJ, Paul JJ. Reliability of the Finger Tapping Test and a note on sex differences. Percept Mot Skills 1979;48:139-142.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Green MF, Kern RS, Braff DL, Mintz J. Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: are we measuring the "right stuff"? Schizophr Bull 2000;26:119-136.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Caspi A, Reichenberg A, Weiser M, Rabinowitz J, Kaplan Z, Knobler H, et al. Cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients assessed before and following the first psychotic episode. Schizophr Res 2003;65:87-94.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Szöke A, Trandafir A, Dupont ME, Meary A, Schürhoff F, Leboyer M. Longitudinal studies of cognition in schizophrenia: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2008;192:248-257.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Heinrichs RW, Zakzanis KK. Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: a quantitative review of the evidence. Neuropsychology 1998;12:426-445.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Buchanan RW, Davis M, Goff D, Green MF, Keefe RS, Leon AC, et al. A summary of the FDA-NIMH-MATRICS workshop on clinical trial design for neurocognitive drugs for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2005;31:5-19.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Kéri S, Janka Z. Critical evaluation of cognitive dysfunctions as endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004;110:83- 91.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Hwang BJ, Kim JL, Lee SW, Chee IS, Kim SY, Hong SG. Neurological soft signs and frontal executive function in schizophrenic patients and their first degree relatives. J Korean Soc Biol Ther Psychiatry 2007;13:283-292.
9 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association;1994.
10 Ahn YM, Lee KY, Yi JS, Kang MH, Kim DH, Kim JL, et al. A validation study of the Korean-version of the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2005;44:466-476.
11 Chung YC, Cho GH, Park TW. Treatment response, remission and recovery in schizophrenia: definition and criteria. Korean J Psychopharmacol 2006;17:5-12.
12 Hahn OS, Ahn JH, Song SH, Cho MJ, Kim JK, Bae JN, et al. Development of Korean Version of Structured Clinical Interview Schedule for DSM-IV Axis I disorder: interrater reliability. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2000;39:362-372.
13 Yeom TH, Park YS, Dh KJ, Kim JK, Lee YH. Manual for Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Seoul: Korea Guidance;1992.
14 Silverstein AB. Factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. J Consult Clin Psychol 1982;50:661.   DOI
15 Waford RN, Lewine R. Is perseveration uniquely characteristic of schizophrenia? Schizophr Res 2010;118:128-133.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Barker MJ, Greenwood KM, Jackson M, Crowe SF. Persistence of cognitive effects after withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use: a meta-analysis. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2004;19:437-454.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Minzenberg MJ, Poole JH, Benton C, Vinogradov S. Association of anticholinergic load with impairment of complex attention and memory in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:116-124.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Nestor PG, Akdag SJ, O'Donnell BF, Niznikiewicz M, Law S, Shenton ME, et al. Word recall in schizophrenia: a connectionist model. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:1685-1690.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Rocca P, Montemagni C, Castagna F, Giugiario M, Scalese M, Bogetto F. Relative contribution of antipsychotics, negative symptoms and executive functions to social functioning in stable schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009;33:373-379.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 NairA, David A, Aleman A. 2296-insight and neurocognition in psychosis: a comprehensive meta-analysis. European Psychiatry 2013; 28:1.
21 McGrath J, Scheldt S, Welham J, Clair A. Performance on tests sensitive to impaired executive ability in schizophrenia, mania and well controls: acute and subacute phases. Schizophr Res 1997;26:127-137.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Minzenberg MJ, Laird AR, Thelen S, Carter CS, Glahn DC. Metaanalysis of 41 functional neuroimaging studies of executive function in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66:811-822.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Bhojraj TS, Francis AN, Rajarethinam R, Eack S, Kulkarni S, Prasad KM, et al. Verbal fluency deficits and altered lateralization of language brain areas in individuals genetically predisposed to schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2009;115:202-208.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Hughes C, Kumari V, Das M, Zachariah E, Ettinger U, Sumich A, et al. Cognitive functioning in siblings discordant for schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005;111:185-192.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Hill SK, Bishop JR, Palumbo D, Sweeney JA. Effect of second-generation antipsychotics on cognition: current issues and future challenges. Expert Rev Neurother 2010;10:43-57.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Dickson H, Laurens KR, Cullen AE, Hodgins S. Meta-analyses of cognitive and motor function in youth aged 16 years and younger who subsequently develop schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2012;42:743-755.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Hedman AM, van Haren NE, van Baal CG, Kahn RS, Hulshoff Pol HE. IQ change over time in schizophrenia and healthy individuals: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2013;146:201-208.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Lee J, Park S. Working memory impairments in schizophrenia: a meta- analysis. J Abnorm Psychol 2005;114:599-611.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Forbes NF, Carrick LA, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM. Working memory in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2009;39:889- 905.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Henry JD, Crawford JR. A meta-analytic review of verbal fluency performance following focal cortical lesions. Neuropsychology 2004;18:284-295.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Juhasz BJ, Chambers D, Shesler LW, Haber A, Kurtz MM. Evaluating lexical characteristics of verbal fluency output in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2012;200:177-183.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Dickinson D, Iannone VN, Wilk CM, Gold JM. General and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2004;55:826-833.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Tienari P, Wynne LC, Sorri A, Lahti I, Laksy K, Moring J, et al. Genotype- environment interaction in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Long-term follow-up study of Finnish adoptees. Br J Psychiatry 2004;184:216-222.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Risch N. Genetic linkage and complex diseases, with special reference to psychiatric disorders. Genet Epidemiol 1990;7:3-16; discussion 17-45.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Snitz BE, Macdonald AW 3rd, Carter CS. Cognitive deficits in unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients: a meta-analytic review of putative endophenotypes. Schizophr Bull 2006;32: 179-194.
36 Asarnow RF, Forsyth JK. Genetics of childhood-onset schizophrenia. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2013;22:675-687.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Gottesman II, Gould TD. The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160: 636-645.   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Sitskoorn MM, Aleman A, Ebisch SJ, Appels MC, Kahn RS. Cognitive deficits in relatives of patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2004;71:285-295.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Lee GC, Oh SW, Paik YS, Park MC, Jeong IK. Cognitive deficits of the patients with schizophrenia. Korean J Clin Psychol 2002;21:377- 389.
40 Jung SW, Kim CH, Kim JB. The characteristics of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenic patients. J Korean Soc Biol Ther Psychiatry 2001;7:224-236.
41 Lee KJ, Wee W, Yoo SY, Lee AR, Song JY, Ha TH, et al. Cognition, Emotion and Social Function: Are Vulnerability Markers for Developing Schizophrenia? J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2006;45:3-10.
42 Kim CK, Jang JH, Jang WS, Cho JS, Kim MJ, Byun WT. Performance of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in the Offspring of Schizophrenic Patients. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 1998;37:792-800.
43 Nuechterlein KH, Asarnow RF. Degraded Stimulus Continuous Performance Test (DS-CPT) Program for IBM-Compatible Microcomputers, Version 8.12. Los Angeles: Nuechterlein KH and Asarnow RF;1999.
44 Kim HK. Kims Frontal - Executive Neuropsychological Test: Manual. Daegu: Neuropsy Press;2001. p.19-24.
45 Heaton RK. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Computer Version 2. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources;1993.
46 Kang YW, Na DH. Seoul Neuropsychological Battery. Incheon: Human Brain Research & Consulting Co.;1994. p.80-82.
47 Kawasaki Y, Suzuki M, Takahashi T, Nohara S, McGuire PK, Seto H, et al. Anomalous cerebral asymmetry in patients with schizophrenia demonstrated by voxel-based morphometry. Biol Psychiatry 2008;63:793-800.   DOI   ScienceOn
48 Woodberry KA, Giuliano AJ, Seidman LJ. Premorbid IQ in schizophrenia: a meta-analytic review. Am J Psychiatry 2008;165:579-587.   DOI   ScienceOn
49 Cirillo MA, Seidman LJ. Verbal declarative memory dysfunction in schizophrenia: from clinical assessment to genetics and brain mechanisms. Neuropsychol Rev 2003;13:43-77.   DOI   ScienceOn