Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2017.26.4.378

Evaluation of the Fruit Quality Indices during Maturation and Ripening and the Influence of Short-term Temperature Management on Shelf-life during Simulated Exportation in 'Changjo' Pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)  

Lee, Ug-Yong (Pear Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science)
Choi, Jin-Ho (Pear Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science)
Ahn, Young-Jik (Industry-academic Corp. Foundation, PaiChai University)
Chun, Jong-Pil (Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Bio-Environment Control / v.26, no.4, 2017 , pp. 378-385 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the changes of fruit quality indices during fruit development and ripening in Korean new pear cultivar 'Changjo', developed from a cross between 'Tama' and '81-1-27' ('Danbae' ${\times}$ 'Okusankichi') in 1995 and named in 2009, to determine appropriate harvest time and to enhance the market quality and broaden the cultivation area. The fruits of 'Changjo' pears harvested from 132 days after full bloom (DAFB) to 160 DAFB. Fruit growth and quality indices were monitored at 1 week interval by measuring fruit weight, length, diameter, firmness, and taste related quality indices. The calculated fruit fresh weight increased continuously with fruit development and reached to an average of 594g on Sep. 20 (160 DAFB). The ratio of length to diameter declines as fruit maturation progress, resulting in 0.898 for ripe fruit stage as a round oblate shape. Flesh firmness of 'Changjo' pears showed over 30N until 153 DAFB and then decreased abruptly with fruit ripening, reaching a final level of about 26.44N on 160 DAFB. Starch content of fruit sap was also decreased abruptly after 146 DAFB which decreased almost half of the fruits harvested at 139 DAFB. In parallel with the decrease of flesh firmness, ethanol insoluble solids (EIS) content decreased sharply with fruit ripens, only 50% of EIS was detected on the fruits harvested on 160 DAFB when compared to that of the fruits harvested on 139 DAFB (Aug. 30). The maximum value of soluble solids contents was observed in the fruits harvested on 153 DAFB, resulting in $14.2^{\circ}Brix$. The changes of skin color difference $a^*$ which means loss of green color occurred only after 139 DAFB, coincide with the decrease of SPAD value of the fruit skin. The sugars of the 80% ethanol soluble fraction consisted mainly of fructose, sorbitol, glucose and sucrose, also increased during maturation and ripening. Fructose and sucrose contents were larger than those of glucose and sorbitol in flesh tissues. These results were explained that stored starch is converted to soluble sugars during fruit maturation, mainly in fructose and sucrose increasing the sweetness of this cultivar. Total polyphenols were increased up to middle of fruit maturation (146 DAFB) and then decreased continuously until the end of fruit maturation. Consequently, our results suggested that the commercial harvest time of 'Changjo' pears should not be passed 153 DAFB and late harvest of this cultivar would not good for quality maintenance during shelf-life. As a result of the post-harvest low-temperature acclimation experiment during the short-term transportation period, fruits harvested at 146 DAFB tended to maintain higher firmness after 14 days of simulated marketing at $25^{\circ}C$ compared to fruits harvested at 153 DAFB regardless of temperature set. And, the slower the rate of decrease to the final transport temperature of $5^{\circ}C$, the higher the incidence of internal browning and ethylene production. Therefore, in order to suppress the physiological disorder and to maintain the fruit quality when exporting to Southeast Asia in the 'Chanjo' pears, it is desirable to lower the temperature of the fruits within a short time after harvest and to set the harvest time before 146 days after full bloom.
Keywords
ethylene; firmness; respiration; ripening; soluble solids;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 9  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Folin O. and W. Dennis. 1912. On phosphotungstic-phosphomolybdic compounds as color reagents. J. Biol. Chem. 12:239-243.
2 Getinet H., T. Seyoum, and K. Woldetsadik. 2008. The effect of cultivar, maturity stage and storage environment on quality of tomatoes. J. Food Eng. 87:467-478.   DOI
3 Hong, S.S., Y.P. Hong, B.S. Im, D.S. Jeong, and I.S. Shin. 2004. Influence of picking stage and storage type on the fruit respiration change and panel test in 'Wonhwang', 'Hwasan', and 'Mansoo' pear. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 22:55-62 (in Korean).
4 Huber, D.J. 1984. Strawberry fruit softening: The potential roles of polyuronides and hemicelluloses. J. Food Sci. 49:1310-1315.   DOI
5 Jeong, S.T., J.G. Kim, S.S. Hong, H.S. Jang and Y.B. Kim. 1998. Influence of maturity and storage temperature on the respiration rate and ethylene production in 'Kosui', 'Chojuro' and 'Niitaka' pears. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 39:446-448 (in Korean).
6 Kim, M.S., K.S. Choi, and S.J. Hong. 2003. Determination of optimum harvest time of 'Geumchonjosaeng' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) and its shelf life at ambient temperature. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 21:120-123 (in Korean).
7 Kim, J.B, S.J. Kang, D.S. Son, H.S. Seo, K.S. Cho, J.J. Choi, J.H. Choi, J.H. Han, S.S. Kang and I.S. Shin. 2002. Selection guide for pear cultivar. Naesaranguribae. Korea (in Korean).
8 Kim, Y.K., S.S. Kang, K.S. Cho, M.S. Kim, S.B. Jeong, and D.S. Son. 2007. Determination of optimum harvest time for 'Hwasan' (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) on the premise of the shelf life at ambient temperature. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 25:360-363 (in Korean).
9 Kitamura, T., T. Iwata, T. Fukusima, Y. Furukawa, and T. Ishiguro. 1981. Studies of the maturation-physiology and storage of fruits and vegetables. II. Respiration and ethylene production in reference to species and cultivars of pear fruit. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 49:608-616.   DOI
10 Lee UY, Choi JH, Kim YK, Oh KS, Kim SJ, Chun JP. 2017. Comparison of fruit marketability at various temperature environment in asian pear 'Jinhwang' treated with 1-methylcyclopropene. Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory 26:19-26 (in Korean).   DOI
11 Lee, U.Y. and J.P. Chun. 2011. Evaluation of quality indices during fruit development and ripening in 'Wonhwang' and 'Whasan' pears. CNU J. Agri. Sci. 38:405-411 (in Korean).
12 Lee, U.Y., K.Y. Oh, J.H. Choi, Y.S. Hwang, J.M. Choi, and J.P. Chun. 2011. Evaluation of fruit quality during shelf-life at high temperature environment in 'Wonhwang' and 'Whasan' pears. J. Bio-Environ. Cont. 20:233-240 (in Korean).
13 Lee, U.Y., K.S. Oh, Y.S. Hwang, B.S. Lim, Y.J. Ahn, and J.P. Chun. 2016. Effect of temperature pre-conditioning on fruit quality of early-season 'Hanareum' Pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) during simulated marketing. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 25:360-363 (in Korean).
14 Lee, S.J., S.M. Park, C.S. Jeong, B.X. Ngo, and J.H. Kim. 2002. Changes of fruit quality by storage temperature for marketing during off-season in 'Wonhwang' pear. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 43:716-720
15 Lim, B.S., J.K. Kim, K.C. Gross, Y.S. Hwang, and J.H. Kim. 2005. Gradual postharvest cooling reduces blackening disorder in 'Niitaka' Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) Fruits. J. Kor. Hort. Sci. 46:311-316 (in Korean).
16 Oanh, V.T.K., U.Y. Lee, J.H. Choi, H.C. Lee, and J.P. Chun. 2012. Changes of fruit characteristics and cell wall component during maturation and ripening in Asian pear 'Hanareum', 'Manpungbae' and 'Niitaka' (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 30:345-356.
17 Bachmann, J. and R. Earles. 2000. Postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables. p. 2-4. ATTRA. Arkansas, USA.
18 Brosnan T. and D.W. Sun 2001. Precooling techniques and applications for horticultural products: A review. Int. J. Refrigeration. 24:154-170.   DOI
19 Camelo, A.F.L. and P.A. Gomez, 2004. Comparison of color indexes for tomato ripening. Hortic. Bras. 22:534-537.   DOI
20 Moon, S.J., C.H. Han, B.S. Lim, C.H. Lee, M.S. Kim, and Y.S. Hwang. 2008. Effect of storage temperature and 1-MCP treatment on the incidence of flesh browning disorder in 'Wonhwang' Pears. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 26:144-148 (in Korean).
21 Oh, K.Y., U.Y. Lee, S.J. Moon, Y.O. Kim, H.S. Yook. Y.S. Hwang, and J.P. Chun. 2010. Transportation and distribution temperatures affect fruit quality and physiological disorders in 'Wonhwang' pears. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 28:434-441 (in Korean).
22 Reina, L.D., H.P. Fleming, and E.G. Humphries. 1995. Microbial control of cucumber hydro-cooling water with chlorine dioxide. J. Food Protect. 58:541-546.   DOI
23 Shin, I.S., S.S. Kang, Y.K. Kim, K.H. Kim, H.S. Hwang, Y.U. Shin, K.H. Cho, J.H. Kim, and H.R. Kim. 2011. 'Changjo' pear. J. Amer. Pom. Soc. 65:167-169.
24 Tamura, F., J.P. Chun, K. Tanabe, M. Morimoto, and A. Itai. 2003. Effect of summer-pruning and gibberellin on the watercore development in Japanese pear 'Akibae' fruit. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 72:372-377.   DOI
25 DeLong J.M., R.K. Prange, and P.A. Harrison 2004. The influence of pre-storage delayed cooling on quality and disorder incidence in 'Honeycrisp' apple fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 33:175-180.   DOI
26 Chun, J.P., F. Tamura, K. Tanabe, A. Itai, and T. Tabuchi. 2003. Cell wall degradation and structural changes of GAinduced watercored tissues in Japanese pear 'Akibae' and 'Housui'. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 72:488-496.   DOI