Photosynthetic Characteristics and Cellular Tissue of Chinese Cabbage are Affected by Temperature and Concentration

Numerous studies have presented evidence that global atmospheric carbon dioxide ($CO_{2}$ ) concentration and temperature is increasing every year. Both of the $CO_{2}$ and temperature are important components for photosynthesis activity of plants and thusgrowth and yield. However, little information is available in terms of the reaction of vegetable plants to increased $CO_{2}$ concentration and temperature, and also the reaction to a complex condition of both increased $CO_{2}$ concentration and temperature. The aim of this research was therefore to investigate changes in growth, photosynthetic activity and ultra-cellular structure of leaf tissue of Chinese cabbage. Plants were grown under either of elevated $CO_{2}$ concentration (elevated $CO_{2}$, 2-fold higher than atmospheric $CO_{2}$ ) or elevated temperature (elevated temp, 4$^{\circ}C$ higher than atmospheric temperature), under both of elevated $CO_{2}$ concentration and elevated temperature (elevated temp+$CO_{2}$), and under atmospheric $CO_{2}$ concentration and temperature (control). The treatment of 'elevated temp' negatively affected leaf area, fresh weight, chlorophyll and starch content. However, when the treatment of 'elevated temp' was applied coincidently with the treatment of 'elevated $CO_{2}$', growth and photosynthetic performance of plants were as good as those in the treatment of 'elevated $CO_{2}$', Microscopic study resulted that the highest starch content and density of cells were observed in the leaf tissue grown at the treatment of 'elevated $CO_{2}$', whereas the lowest ones were observed in the leaf tissue grown at the treatment of 'elevated temp'. These results suggest that when Chinese cabbage grows under a high-temperature condition, supplement of $CO_{2}$ would improve the growth and yield. In our knowledge, it is the first time to determine the effect of a complex relationship between the increased $CO_{2}$ concentration and temperature on the growth of Chinese cabbage.

온도와 농도에 따른 배추의 광합성특성 및 세포조직의 변화

본 연구는 배추 재배시 기후변화에 대비하여 고온과 고농도의 이산화탄소 조건에서 생육반응과 세포조직의 변화를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 처리는 '대기중 온도+대기중 $CO_{2}$ 농도(Control)', '대기중 온도+대기보다 $CO_{2}$ 2배 상승(Elevated $CO_{2}$)' '(대기온도보다 4$^{\circ}C$ 상승+대기중 $CO_{2}$ 농도(Elevated temp.)', '대기온도보다 4$^{\circ}C$ 상승+대기보다 $CO_{2}$ 2배 상승(Elevated temp.+$CO_{2}$)'의 4가지 조건으로 처리하였다. 그 결과, 대기조건보다 온도만 높아지게 되면 배추의 생체중이 현저하게 저하되어 수량이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났고, 온도가 높아지고 $CO_{2}$ 농도가 동시에 올라가게 되면 생육이 어느정도 회복되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 칼륨과 인산함량은 처리별로 차이가 없었지만 칼슘과 총질소함량은 온도만 높인 처리에서 높았고, 마그네슘 함량은 온도와 $CO_{2}$ 농도를 동시에 높인 처리에서 높게 나타났다. 배추잎의 세포 관찰결과 $CO_{2}$ 농도를 2배 정도 높인 처리에서 잎내의 전분함량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 온도만 높인 처리에서 전분 함량이 가장 낮았다.