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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2022.32.5.355

Depigmenting Effects of Mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) Extracts  

Hah, Young-Sool (Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital)
Kim, Eun-Ji (Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital)
Goo, Young Min (Anti-Aging Research Group, Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-Aging Institute)
Kil, Young Sook (Anti-Aging Research Group, Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-Aging Institute)
Sin, Seung Mi (Anti-Aging Research Group, Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-Aging Institute)
Kim, Sang Gon (Anti-Aging Research Group, Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-Aging Institute)
Kang, Ha Eun (Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital)
Yoon, Tae-Jin (Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University & Hospital)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.32, no.5, 2022 , pp. 355-361 More about this Journal
Abstract
Melanin pigments are the main cause of skin color. They are produced in melanocytes and then transferred to keratinocytes, which eventually gives the skin surface a variety of colors. Although many skin-lightening or depigmenting agents have been developed, the demand for materials to reduce pig- mentation is still increasing. Here, we tried to find materials for skin-lightening or depigmentation using natural compounds and found that mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) extracts (ME) had an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. As a result, ME significantly reduced pigmentation in human primary melanocytes. In addition, a promoter reporter assay revealed that ME inhibited the transcription of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), melanophilin (MLPH), tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2), and tyrosinase (TYR) genes in HM3KO melanoma cells. In addition, ME decreased the protein level for pigmentation-related molecules, such as TYR and TRP-1. Furthermore, it markedly inhibited the melanogenesis of zebrafish embryos, an in vivo evaluation model for pigmentation. To elucidate the action mechanism of ME, we investigated its effects on intracellular signaling. Eventually, the ME dramatically decreased the phosphorylation of the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB), AKT, and ERK. The data suggest that ME may inhibit the melanogenesis pathway by regulating the signaling pathway related to pigmentation. Taken together, these data propose that ME can be developed as a depigmenting or skin-lightening agent.
Keywords
Pigmentation; tyrosinase; Viscum album var. coloratum; whitening; zebrafish;
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