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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.9.804

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Antimicrobial Peptide Zophobacin 1 Derived from the Zophobas atratus  

Shin, Yong Pyo (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Lee, Joon Ha (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Kim, In-Woo (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Seo, Minchul (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Kim, Mi-Ae (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Lee, Hwa Jeong (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Baek, Minhee (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Kim, Seong Hyun (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Hwang, Jae Sam (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.30, no.9, 2020 , pp. 804-812 More about this Journal
Abstract
The giant mealworm beetle, Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) has been used as a protein source for small pets and mammals. Recently, it was temporarily registered in the list of the Food Code. We previously performed an in silico analysis of the Zophobas atratus transcriptome to identify putative antimicrobial peptides and identified several antimicrobial peptide candidates. Among them, we assessed the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of zophobacin 1 that was selected bio-informatically based on its physicochemical properties against microorganisms and mouse macrophage Raw264.7 cells. Zophobacin 1 showed antimicrobial activities against microorganisms without inducing hemolysis and decreased the nitric oxide production of the lipopolysaccharide-induced Raw264.7 cells. Moreover, ELISA and Western blot analysis revealed that zophobacin 1 reduced expression levels of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). We also investigated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β) production through quantitative real time-PCR and ELISA. Zophobacin 1 markedly reduced the expression level of cytokines through the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. We confirmed that zophobacin 1 bound to bacterial cell membranes via a specific interaction with lipopolysaccharides. These data suggest that zophobacin 1 could be promising molecules for development as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents.
Keywords
Anti-inflammatory activity; antimicrobial activity; antimicrobial peptide; RNA sequencing; Zophobas atratus;
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