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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.2.113

Phellinus linteus Extract Regulates Macrophage Polarization in Human THP-1 Cells  

Lee, Sang-Yull (Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
Park, Sul-Gi (Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
Yu, Sun-Nyoung (Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
Kim, Ji-Won (Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
Hwang, You-Lim (Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
Kim, Dong-Seob (Department of Food Science & Technology, College of National Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University)
Ahn, Soon-Cheol (Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.30, no.2, 2020 , pp. 113-121 More about this Journal
Abstract
Macrophages are initiators for regulating a host's defenses to eliminate pathogens and trigger tissue repair. Macrophages are classified into two types: classically (M1) activated macrophages and alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. M1-phenotype macrophages directly or indirectly kill infectious organisms and tumor cells via pro-inflammatory responses, whereas M2-phenotype macrophages remodel wounded tissue through anti-inflammatory responses. In this paper, we investigated how Phellinus linteus hot water extract passed from Diaion HP-20 resin (PLEP) regulates polarization of M1-like or M2-like macrophages in human THP-1 cells. PLEP did not have cytotoxicity at a high concentration of 300 ㎍/ml. We observed morphological alteration of the THP-1 cells, which are stimulated by PLEP, LPS/INF-γ (M1 stimulators) or IL-4/IL13 (M2 stimulators). PLEP exposure induced morphology contiguous with LPS/INF-γ. qPCR was also performed to determine whether PLEP influences M1 or M2 polarization-related genes. M1-phenotype macrophage-specific genes, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL10 and CCR7, were enhanced by PLEP in a dose-dependent manner similar to LPS/INF-γ. Conversely, M2-phenotype-specific genes, such as MRC-1, DC-SIGN, CCL17 and CCL22, were suppressed by PLEP. PLEP also significantly up-regulated secretory inflammation cytokines related to M1 polarization of macrophages, including TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, which was similar to the gene expression. Further, MAPK and NF-κB signaling were increased by treatment with PLEP, resulting in enhancement of cytokine secretion. PLEP might therefore be used as a promising booster of pro-inflammatory responses through M1 polarization of human THP-1 cells.
Keywords
Human THP-1 cells; MAPK signaling; NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling; Phellinus linteus extract; polarization of macrophage;
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