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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.12.1092

Steap4 Stimulates Adipocyte Differentiation through Activation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion and Regulation of Early Adipogenic Factors  

Sim, Hyun A (Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University)
Shin, Jooyeon (Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University)
Kim, Ji-Hyun (Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University)
Jung, Myeong Ho (Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.30, no.12, 2020 , pp. 1092-1100 More about this Journal
Abstract
The six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (Steap4) is a metalloreductase that plays a role in intracellular iron and cupper homeostasis, inflammatory response, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Previously, Steap4 has been reported to stimulate adipocyte differentiation; however, the underlying mechanisms of this action remain unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in Steap4-induced adipocyte differentiation using 3T3-L1 cells, immortalized brown adipocyte (iBA) cells, and mouse embryonic fibroblast C3H10T1/2 cells. The knockdown of Steap4 using adenovirus-containing shRNA attenuated mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), as evidenced by the impaired proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells, iBA cells, and C3H10T1/2 cells within 48 hr after adding the differentiation medium. Steap4 knockdown downregulated G1/S phase transition-related cell cycle regulators (including cyclin A and cyclin D) and upregulated cell cycle inhibitors (including p21 and p27). Furthermore, Steap4 knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Akt. Moreover, Steap4 knockdown repressed the expression of early adipogenic activators, such as CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and Kruppel-like factor family factor 4 (KLF4). On the other hand, Steap4 knockdown stimulated the expression of adipogenic inhibitors, including KLF2, KLF3, and GATA2. The overexpression of Steap4 using an adenovirus removed the repressive histone marks H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 on the promoter of C/EBPβ. These results indicate that Stepa4 stimulates adipocyte differentiation through the induction of MCE and the modulation of early adipogenic transcription factors, including C/EBPβ, during the early phase of adipocyte differentiation.
Keywords
Adipogenic transcription factor; cell cycle; histone methylation; mitotic clonal expansion; six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate;
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