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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2019.29.3.325

Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Dried Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)  

Lee, Eun-Joo (Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University)
Seo, Yu-Mi (Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University)
Kim, Yong-Hyun (Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University)
Chung, Chungwook (Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University)
Sung, Hwa-Jung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University)
Sohn, Ho-Yong (Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University)
Park, Jong-Yi (Gyeongbuk Institute for Bio Industry)
Kim, Jong-Sik (Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.29, no.3, 2019 , pp. 325-331 More about this Journal
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most popular green leafy vegetables, and it contains various beneficial components including polyphenolic compounds and has been known to possess various biological functions such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we prepared ethanol extract of dried lettuce (DLE) and investigated its anti-inflammatory activity. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of DLE, nitric oxide (NO) production was measured in LPS-activated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. DLE significantly suppressed NO production in these cells without affecting cell viabilities while resveratrol was used as a positive control. DLE dramatically decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as iNOS and COX-2 at the mRNA and protein levels and reduced the expression of several cytokines including $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-1F6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, CSF2 and CXCL10. In addition, DLE suppressed phosphorylation of MAPKs and the nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 indicating DLE shows its anti-inflammatory activity via regulating MAPKs pathway and $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathways. And also, DLE reduced the production of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. DLE increased HO-1 protein expression, and also increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Overall, our results suggest that lettuce down-regulate various pro-inflammatory genes and have its anti-inflammatory activity via regulating MAPKs, $NF-{\kappa}B$, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
Keywords
Anti-inflammation; Lactuca sativa; MAPK; $NF-{\kappa}B$; Nrf2/HO-1;
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