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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2018.28.6.753

Cathepsin S as a Cancer Therapeutic Target  

Woo, Seon Min (Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University)
Kwon, Taeg Kyu (Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.28, no.6, 2018 , pp. 753-763 More about this Journal
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes that belong to the papain family and can induce the degradation of damaged proteins through the endo-lysosomal pathway. It is highly upregulated in many cancers by regulating gene amplification and transcriptional, translational, and post-transcriptional modifications. Cathepsin S is part of the cysteine cathepsin family. Many studies have demonstrated that cathepsin S not only plays a specific role in MHC class II antigen presentation but also plays a crucial role in cancers. Cathepsin S is more stable at a neutral pH compared to other cysteine cathepsins, which supports the importance of cathepsin S in disease microenvironments. Therefore, the dysregulation of cathepsin S has participated in a variety of pathological processes, including cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, a decrease or depletion in the expression of cathepsin S has been implicated in the processes of tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Taken together, cathepsin S has been suggested as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. In this review, the known involvement of cathepsin S in diseases, particularly with respect to recent work indicating its role in cancer therapy, is examined. An overview of current literature on the inhibitors of cathepsin S as a therapeutic target for cancer is also provided.
Keywords
Cancer; cathepsin S; cysteine cathepsin; lysosome enzyme; protease;
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