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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2014.24.1.26

Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Ethanol Extracts and Their Solvent Fractions Obtained from Selected Miscellaneous Cereal Grains  

Park, Dong Hwa (Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Lee, Seung Tae (Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Jun, Do Youn (Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Lee, Ji Young (Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Woo, Mi Hee (Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacology, Daegu Catholic University)
Kim, Ki Young (Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, NICS, RDA)
Seo, Myung Chul (Crop Environment Division, NICS, RDA)
Ko, Jee Yeon (Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, NICS, RDA)
Woo, Koan Sik (Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, NICS, RDA)
Jung, Tae Wook (Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, NICS, RDA)
Kwak, Do Yeon (Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, NICS, RDA)
Nam, Min Hee (Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, NICS, RDA)
Kim, Young Ho (Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.24, no.1, 2014 , pp. 26-38 More about this Journal
Abstract
To examine the antioxidant activities of 11n selected miscellaneous cereal grains (proso millet, yellow glutinous proso millet, hwanggeumchal sorghum, glutinous sorghum, white glutinous sorghum, yellow glutinous foxtail millet, nonglutinous foxtail millet, green glutinous foxtail millet, golden foxtail millet, barnyard millet, and adlay), the free radical-scavenging activities of 80% ethanol extracts of the individual grains were investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods. The ethanol extracts of hwanggeumchal sorghum, glutinous sorghum, and barnyard millet grains exhibited more potent free radical-scavenging activities as compared to the other grains. When these three ethanol extracts were sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, the majority of the antioxidant activities were detected in the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions in which phenolic ingredients were abundant. The ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of hwanggeumchal sorghum and the ethyl acetate fraction of glutinous sorghum showed higher antioxidant activity than that of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Both ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods demonstrated that these organic solvent fractions could inhibit lipid peroxidation. The ethyl acetate fractions from hwanggeumchal sorghum, glutinous sorghum, and barnyard millet grains could suppress tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced apoptotic events, including sub-G1 peaks, ${\Delta}{\Psi}m$ loss, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cleavage of PARP and lamin B, in human HL-60 cells. These results show that the grains of hwanggeumchal sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Hwanggeumchalsusu), glutinous sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Chalsusu), and barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta) possess efficient antioxidant activity, which could protect cells from oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity.
Keywords
Antioxidant activity; barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta) grains; cytoprotection; oxidative stress-induced apoptosis; sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grains;
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