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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.7.871

Frequency of Spontaneous Polyploids in Monoembryonic Jeju Native Citrus Species and Some Mandarin Cultivars  

Chae, Chi-Won (Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
Yun, Su-Hyun (Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
Park, Jae-Ho (Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
Kim, Min-Ju (Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
Koh, Sang-Wook (Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
Song, Kwan-Jeong (Faculty of Bioscience and Industry, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University)
Lee, Dong-Hun (Planning and Coordination Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.22, no.7, 2012 , pp. 871-879 More about this Journal
Abstract
Polyploids are a potentially important germplasm source in seedless citrus breeding program. Seedlessness is one of the most promising traits of commercial mandarin breeds that mandarin triploid hybrids possess permanently. The formation of new constant triploid hybrids can be recovered through diploid species hybridization from the fusion of divalent gametes at low frequencyor intra-and inter-ploidy crosses. However, extensive breeding work based on small $F_1$ hybrid seeds developed is impossible without a very effective aseptic methodology and ploidy event. In this study, in vitro embryo culture was employed to recover natural hybrids from monoembryonic diploid, open-pollinated mandarin. Flow cytometry was used to determine ploidy level. A total of 10,289 seeds were extracted from 792 fruits having approximately 13 seeds per fruit. Average frequency of small seeds developed was 7.1%, while the average frequency of small seeds per fruit were: 8.9% for 'Clementine' 10.2% for 'Harehime' 2.6% for 'Kamja' 3.1% for 'Pyunkyool' 2.8% for 'Sadookam' and 7.0% for 'Wilking' mandarin. Average size of a perfect seed was $49.52{\pm}0.07mm^2$ ('Clementine') while the small seed measured $7.95{\pm}0.04mm^2$ ('Clementine'), which was about 1/6 smaller than the perfect seed. In total, 731 small seeds were obtained and all of them contained only one embryo per seed. The efficiency of 'Clementine' was 14 times higher than 'Wilking' and more than 109 times higher than 'Pyunkyool'. The basic information on spontaneous polyploidy provides for the hybridization of constant triploids and increases the efficiency of conventional cross.
Keywords
Citrus breeding; monoembryonic; embryo rescue; polyploidy; cytology;
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