Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.10.1415

Analysis of Expression Patterns of Thymosin β4 and CD133 in Normal Stomach  

Ock, Mee Sun (Department of Parasitology and Gnenetics, Kosin University College of Medicine)
Cha, Hee-Jae (Department of Parasitology and Gnenetics, Kosin University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.22, no.10, 2012 , pp. 1415-1419 More about this Journal
Abstract
Thymosin ${\beta}4$ ($T{\beta}4$) has been reported to be overexpressed in CD133-positive colorectal cancer stem cells. We analyzed the relationship between $T{\beta}4$ and CD133-positive stem cells in normal stomach by examining the expression patterns of $T{\beta}4$ and CD133 in normal stomach tissues by immunohistochemical staining; co-localization of $T{\beta}4$ and CD133 was studied by immunofluorescence and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Both $T{\beta}4$ and CD133 were expressed in stomach glands and showed similar expression patterns. Immunofluorescence staining of $T{\beta}4$ and CD133 showed that the expression of $T{\beta}4$ and CD133 was co-localized. In summary, both $T{\beta}4$ and CD133 were expressed in glands of normal stomachs and expression patterns were co-localized. These data suggest that $T{\beta}4$ expression is strongly related to CD133 expression.
Keywords
CD133; stem cell; stomach; thymosin ${\beta}4$;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Cha, H. J., Jeong, M. J. and Kleinman, H. K. 2003. Role of thymosin beta4 in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 95, 1674-1680.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Collins, A. T., Berry, P. A., Hyde, C., Stower, M. J. and Maitland, N. J. 2005. Prospective identification of tumorigenic prostate cancer stem cells. Cancer Res. 65, 10946-10951.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Corbeil, D., Roper, K., Hellwig, A., Tavian, M., Miraglia, S., Watt, S. M., Simmons, P. J., Peault, B., Buck, D. W. and Huttner, W. B. 2000. The human AC133 hematopoietic stem cell antigen is also expressed in epithelial cells and targeted to plasma membrane protrusions. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 5512-5520.   DOI
4 Eramo, A., Lotti, F., Sette, G., Pilozzi, E., Biffoni, M., Di Virgilio, A., Conticello, C., Ruco, L., Peschle, C. and De Maria, R. 2008. Identification and expansion of the tumorigenic lung cancer stem cell population. Cell Death Differ. 15, 504-514.   DOI
5 Grant, D. S., Rose, W., Yaen, C., Goldstein, A., Martinez, J. and Kleinman, H. 1999. Thymosin beta4 enhances endothelial cell differentiation and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 3, 125-135.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Hermann, P. C., Huber, S. L., Herrler, T., Aicher, A., Ellwart, J. W., Guba, M., Bruns, C. J. and Heeschen, C. 2007. Distinct populations of cancer stem cells determine tumor growth and metastatic activity in human pancreatic cancer. Stem Cell 1, 313-323.
7 Iguchi, K., Usami, Y., Hirano, K., Hamatake, M., Shibata, M. and Ishida, R. 1999. Decreased thymosin beta4 in apoptosis induced by a variety of antitumor drugs. Biochem. Pharmacol. 57, 1105-1111.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Ji, P., Diederichs, S., Wang, W., Boing, S., Metzger, R., Schneider, P. M., Tidow, N., Brandt, B., Buerger, H., Bulk, E., Thomas, M., Berdel, W. E., Serve, H. and Muller-Tidow, C. 2003. MALAT-1, a novel noncoding RNA, and thymosin beta4 predict metastasis and survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 22, 8031-8041.   DOI
9 Jo, J. O., Kang, Y. J., Ock, M. S., Kleinman, H. K., Chang, H. K. and Cha, H. J. 2011. Thymosin beta4 expression in human tissues and in tumors using tissue microarrays. Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. 19, 160-167.   DOI
10 Kobayashi, T., Okada, F., Fujii, N., Tomita, N., Ito, S., Tazawa, H., Aoyama, T., Choi, S. K., Shibata, T., Fujita, H. and Hosokawa, M. 2002. Thymosin-beta4 regulates motility and metastasis of malignant mouse fibrosarcoma cells. Am. J. Pathol. 160, 869-882.   DOI
11 Larsson, L. I. and Holck, S. 2007. Occurrence of thymosin beta4 in human breast cancer cells and in other cell types of the tumor microenvironment. Hum. Pathol. 38, 114-119.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Low, T. L. and Goldstein, A. L. 1982. Chemical characterization of thymosin beta 4. J. Biol. Chem. 257, 1000-1006.
13 Malinda, K. M., Sidhu, G. S., Mani, H., Banaudha, K., Maheshwari, R. K., Goldstein, A. L. and Kleinman, H. K. 1999. Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing. J. Invest. Dermatol. 113, 364-368.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Miraglia, S., Godfrey, W., Yin, A. H., Atkins, K., Warnke, R., Holden, J. T., Bray, R. A., Waller, E. K. and Buck, D. W. 1997. A novel five-transmembrane hematopoietic stem cell antigen: isolation, characterization, and molecular cloning. Blood 90, 5013-5021.
15 Philp, D., Nguyen, M., Scheremeta, B., St-Surin, S., Villa, A. M., Orgel, A., Kleinman, H. K. and Elkin, M. 2004. Thymosin beta4 increases hair growth by activation of hair follicle stem cells. FASEB J. 18, 385-387.
16 Ricci-Vitiani, L., Lombardi, D. G., Pilozzi, E., Biffoni, M., Todaro, M., Peschle, C. and De Maria, R. 2007. Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells. Nature 445, 111-115.   DOI
17 Ricci-Vitiani, L., Mollinari, C., di Martino, S., Biffoni, M., Pilozzi, E., Pagliuca, A., de Stefano, M. C., Circo, R., Merlo, D., De Maria, R. and Garaci, E. 2010. Thymosin beta4 targeting impairs tumorigenic activity of colon cancer stem cells. FASEB J. 24, 4291-4301.   DOI
18 Safer, D., Elzinga, M. and Nachmias, V. T. 1991. Thymosin beta 4 and Fx, an actin-sequestering peptide, are indistinguishable. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 4029-4032.
19 Sanai, N., Alvarez-Buylla, A. and Berger, M. S. 2005. Neural stem cells and the origin of gliomas. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 811-822.   DOI
20 Safer, D., Golla, R. and Nachmias, V. T. 1990. Isolation of a 5-kilodalton actin-sequestering peptide from human blood platelets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 2536-2540.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Santelli, G., Califano, D., Chiappetta, G., Vento, M. T., Bartoli, P. C., Zullo, F., Trapasso, F., Viglietto, G. and Fusco, A. 1999. Thymosin beta-10 gene overexpression is a general event in human carcinogenesis. Am. J. Pathol. 155, 799-804.   DOI
22 Singh, S. K., Hawkins, C., Clarke, I. D., Squire, J. A., Bayani, J., Hide, T., Henkelman, R. M., Cusimano, M. D. and Dirks, P. B. 2004. Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. Nature 432, 396-401.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Steiniger, S. C., Coppinger, J. A., Kruger, J. A., Yates, J., 3rd and Janda, K. D. 2008. Quantitative mass spectrometry identifies drug targets in cancer stem cell-containing side population. Stem Cells 26, 3037-3046.   DOI
24 Van Troys, M., Dewitte, D., Goethals, M., Carlier, M. F., Vandekerckhove, J. and Ampe, C. 1996. The actin binding site of thymosin beta 4 mapped by mutational analysis. EMBO J. 15, 201-210.
25 Vermeulen, L., Sprick, M. R., Kemper, K., Stassi, G. and Medema, J. P. 2008. Cancer stem cells--old concepts, new insights. Cell Death Differ. 15, 947-958.   DOI
26 Wang, W. S., Chen, P. M., Hsiao, H. L., Wang, H. S., Liang, W. Y. and Su, Y. 2004. Overexpression of the thymosin beta-4 gene is associated with increased invasion of SW480 colon carcinoma cells and the distant metastasis of human colorectal carcinoma. Oncogene 23, 6666-6671.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Yin, A. H., Miraglia, S., Zanjani, E. D., Almeida-Porada, G., Ogawa, M., Leary, A. G., Olweus, J., Kearney, J. and Buck, D. W. 1997. AC133, a novel marker for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Blood 90, 5002-5012.
28 Young, J. D., Lawrence, A. J., MacLean, A. G., Leung, B. P., McInnes, I. B., Canas, B., Pappin, D. J. and Stevenson, R. D. 1999. Thymosin beta 4 sulfoxide is an anti-inflammatory agent generated by monocytes in the presence of glucocorticoids. Nat. Med. 5, 1424-1427.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Yin, S., Li, J., Hu, C., Chen, X., Yao, M., Yan, M., Jiang, G., Ge, C., Xie, H., Wan, D., Yang, S., Zheng, S. and Gu, J. 2007. CD133 positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells possess high capacity for tumorigenicity. Int. J. Cancer 120, 1444-1450.   DOI