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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.6.893

Roles of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase in Prostate Cancer  

Kong, Hoon-Young (Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University)
Lee, Hak-Jong (Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital)
Byun, Jong-Hoe (Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.21, no.6, 2011 , pp. 893-900 More about this Journal
Abstract
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is one of the widely used biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. It was initially identified in 1935 and is the most abundant phosphatase in the human prostate. PAP is a prostate-specific enzyme that is synthesized in prostate epithelial cells. It belongs to the acid phosphatase group that shows enzymatic activity in acidic conditions. PAP is abundant in prostatic fluid and is thought to have a role in fertilization and oligospermia. It also has a potential role in reducing chronic pain. But one of the most apparent functions of PAP is the dephosphorylation of macromolecules such as HER-2 and PI3P that are involved in the ERK1/2 and MAPK pathways, which in turn leads to inhibition of cell growth and tumorigenesis. Currently, clinical trials using PAP DNA vaccine are underway and FDA-approved immunotherapy using PAP is commercially available. Despite these clinically important aspects, molecular mechanisms underlying PAP regulation are not fully understood. The promoter region of PAP was reported to be regulated by NF-${\kappa}B$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1, androgen and androgen receptors. Here, the features of PAP gene and protein structures together with the function, regulation and roles of PAP in prostate cancer are discussed.
Keywords
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP); prostate cancer; marker; tumor suppression;
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