Toxins and Antibiotic Resistance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens |
Baik, Keun-Sik
(Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University)
Ki, Gwang-Seo (Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University) Choe, Han-Na (Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University) Park, Seong-Chan (Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University) Koh, Eun-Cho (Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University) Kim, Hyung-Rak (Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University) Seong, Chi-Nam (Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University) |
1 | Tsen, H. Y., G. K. Yu, and H. H. Hu. 1997. Comparison of type A enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from geographically far distant locations by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. J. Appl. Microbiol. 82, 485-493. DOI |
2 | Zschock, M., K. RiBe, and J. Sommerhauser. 2004. Occurrence and clonal relatedness of sec/tst-gene positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates of quartermilk samples of cows suffering from mastitis. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 38, 493-498. DOI |
3 | Mehrotra, M., G. Wang, and W. M. Johnson. 2000. Multiplex PCR for detection of genes for Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and methicillin resistance. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 1032-1035. |
4 | Monday, S. R. and G. A. Bohach. 1999. Use of multiplex PCR to detect classical and newly described pyrogenic toxin genes in staphylococcal isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 3411-3414. |
5 | Park, S. H., Y. H. Jang, H. Sung, M. N. Kim, J. S. Kim, and Y. J. Park. 2009. Performance evaluation of BD geneOhm MRSA PCR assay for detection of nasal colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at endemic intensive care units. Korean J. Lab. Med. 29, 439-447. 과학기술학회마을 DOI |
6 | Novick, R. P., P. Schlievert, and A. Ruzin. 2001. Pathogenicity and resistance islands of staphylococci. Microbes Infect. 3, 585-594. DOI |
7 | Oliveira, D. C. and H. De Lencastre. 2002. Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 2155-2161. DOI |
8 | Omoe, K., M. Ishikawa, Y. Shimoda, D. L. Hu, S. Ueda, and K. Shinagawa. 2002. Detection of seg, seh, and sei genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates and determination of the enterotoxin productivities of S. aureus isolates harboring seg, seh, or sei genes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40, 857-862. DOI |
9 | Peacock, S. J., C. E. Moore, A. Justice, M. Kantzanou, L. Story, K, Mackie, G. O’Neill, and N. P. J. Day. 2002. Virulent combinations of adhesin and toxin genes in natural populations of Staphylococcus aureus. Infect. Immun. 70, 4987-4996. DOI |
10 | Smibert, R. M. and N. R. Krieg. 1994. Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, pp. 607-654, In Gebhardt, P., R. G. E. Murray, W. A. Wood, and N. R. Krieg (eds.), Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology. |
11 | Kim, J. S., H. S. Kim, W. Song, H. C. Cho, K. M. Lee, and E. C. Kim. 2007. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates with toxic shock syndrome toxin and staphylococcal enterotoxin C genes. Korean J. Lab. Med. 27, 118-123. 과학기술학회마을 DOI |
12 | Lee, H. J., Y. S. Kim, J. S. Kim, Y. H. Cho, K. G. Lee, J. T. Suh, and S. H. Cha. 2001. A study of mecA and femA of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from clinical specimens. Korean J. Clin. Pathol. 21, 45-48. |
13 | Kim, J. S, W. Song, H. S. Kim, H. C. Cho, K. M. Lee, M. S. Choi, and E. C. Kim. 2006. Association between the methicillin resistance of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, their staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) subtype classification, and their toxin gene profiles. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 56, 289-295. DOI |
14 | Kim, Y. J., D. S. Jeon, and J. R. Kim. 2001. Molecular epidemiologic analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Korean J. Clin. Pathol. 21, 122-128. |
15 | Lee, C. Y., J. J. Schmidt, A. D. Johnson-Winegar, L. Spero, and J. J. Iandolo. 1987. Sequence determination and comparison of the exfoliative toxin A and toxin B genes from Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 169, 3904-3909. |
16 | Lina, G., Y. Piemont, F. Godail-Gamot, M. Bes, M. O. Peter, V. Gauduchon, F. Vandenesch, and J. Etienne. 1999. Involvement of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in primary skin infections and pneumonia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 29, 1128-1132. DOI |
17 | Looseth, A., S. Loncarevic, and K. G. Berdal. 2004. Modified multiplex PCR method for detection of pyrogenic exotoxin genes in staphylococcal isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 3869-3872. DOI |
18 | Marrack, P. and J. Kappler. 1990. The staphylococcal enterotoxins and their relatives. Science 248, 705. DOI |
19 | Diep, B. A., H. A. Carleton, R. F. Chang, G. F. Sensabaugh, and F. Perdreau-Remington. 2006. Roles of 34 virulence genes in the evolution of hospital- and community-associated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Infect. Dis. 193, 1495-1503. DOI |
20 | Georgopapadakou, N. H., S. A. Smith, and D. P. Bonner. 1982. Penicillin-binding proteins in a Staphylococcus aureus strain resistant to specific -lactam antibiotics. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 22, 172-175. DOI ScienceOn |
21 | Lina, G., Y. Piemont, F. Godail-Gamot, M. Bes, M. O. Peter, V. Gauduchon, F. Vandenesch, and J. Etienne. 1999. Involvement of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in primary skin infections and pneumonia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 29, 1128-1132. DOI |
22 | Ho, G., W. H. Campbell, M. S. Bergdoll, and E. Carlson. 1989. Production of a toxic shock syndrome toxin variant by Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with sheep, goats, and cows. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27, 1946-1948. |
23 | Iandolo, J. J. 1989. Genetic analysis of extracellular toxins of Staphylococcus aureus. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 43, 375-402. DOI |
24 | Jackson, M. P. and J. J. Iandolo. 1986. Sequence of the exfoliative toxin B gene of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 167, 726-728. |
25 | Jevons, M. P. 1961. "Celbenin"-resistant staphylococci. Br. Med. J. 1, 124-125. |
26 | Jung, H. J., J. I. Cho, E. S. Song, J. J. Kim, and K. S. Kim. 2005. PCR detection of virulence genes encoding coagulase and other toxins among clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33, 207-214. 과학기술학회마을 |
27 | Katsuda, K., E. Hata, H. Kobayashi, M. Kohmoto, K. Kawashima, H. Tsunemitsu, and M. Eguchi. 2005. Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitic milk on the basis of toxin genes and coagulase gene polymorphisms. Vet. Microbiol. 105, 301-305. DOI |
28 | Bergdoll, M. S. 1983. Enterotoxins, pp. 559-598, In Easton, C. S. F. and C. Adlam (eds.), Staphylococci and staphylococcal infections. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom. |
29 | Ahn, J. Y., W. B. Kim, D. W. Lee, K. Lee, S. H. Choi, I. S. Kim, and C. H. Seo. 1999. A study of the mecI, mecA and femA genes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. Korean J. Clin. Pathol. 19, 62-69. |
30 | Akcam, F. Z., G. B. Tinaz, O. Kaya, A. Tigli, E. Ture, and S. Hosoglu. 2009. Evaluation of methicillin resistance by cefoxitin disk diffusion and PBP2a latex agglutination test in mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and comparison of mecA with femA, femB, femX positivities. Microbiol. Res. 164, 400-403. DOI |
31 | Chambers, H. F. 1997. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci: molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 10, 781-791. |
32 | Chini, V., G. Dimitracopoulos, and I. Spiliopoulou. 2006. Occurrence of the enterotoxin gene cluster and the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 gene among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is related to clonal type and agr group. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44, 1881-1883. DOI |
33 | Choe, H. N., C. Park, H. R. Kim, K. S. Baik, S. N. Kim, and C. N. Seong. 2010. Characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of imipenem-resistant clinical isolates producing carbapenemase. J. Life Sci. 20, 1214-1220. 과학기술학회마을 DOI |
34 | CLSI. 2009. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 19th Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S19 (ISBN 1-56238-690-5). Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. |