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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2010.20.12.1772

Auranofin Downregulates Nuclear Factor-κB Activation via Nrf2-Independent Mechanism  

Kim, Nam-Hoon (Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Park, Hyo-Jung (Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Kim, In-Sook (Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.20, no.12, 2010 , pp. 1772-1776 More about this Journal
Abstract
Transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-${\kappa}B$ are important regulators of the innate immune response, and their cross-talks in inflammation have been reported. Previously, we demonstrated that gold(I)-compound auranofin, an inhibitor of NF-${\kappa}B$ signal, induced Nrf2 activation in human synovial cells and monocytic cells. To investigate whether the Nrf2 activation is involved in the mechanism of the auranofin-attenuated NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling, we examined the effects of Nrf2 knockdown on NF-${\kappa}B$ activation using rheumatic synovial cells. When the cells were transfected with a specific siRNA for Nrf2, the gene expression was perfectly blocked. However, the Nrf2 knockdown did not cancel the suppressive effect of auranofin on TNF-$\alpha$-induced $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation. Treatment with a specific siRNA for HO-1, which is a target of Nrf2 and plays a role in anti-inflammation, also did not affect the blocking activity of auranofin on $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation. In addition, auranofin-inhibited ICAM-1 expression was not restored by Nrf2 knockdown. These findings indicate that the activated Nrf2 and HO-1 are not associated with the suppressive action of auranofin on the pro-inflammatory cytokines-stimulated NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. This suggests that Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ signals, which are regulated by auranofin, participate in the anti-inflammatory action of auranofin via independent pathways in rheumatic synovial cells.
Keywords
Auranofin; nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$(NF-${\kappa}B$); intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1);
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