Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2009.19.9.1190

Differences of Wood Vinegar Ingestion and Exercise Training on Blood Lipids, MDA, and SOD Activities in Rats  

Kang, Jong-Suk (Dept. of Leisure Sports, Kyungpook Nat'l University)
Kim, Sea-Hyun (Tree Breeding Division, Korea Forest Research Institute)
Kim, Pan-Gi (Dept. of Forest and Environment Resources, Kyungpook Nat'l University)
Lee, Dong-Woon (Dept. of Applied Biology, Kyungpook Nat'l University)
Ryu, Sung-Pil (Dept. of Leisure Sports, Kyungpook Nat'l University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.19, no.9, 2009 , pp. 1190-1199 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of exercise training and oak tree wood vinegar ingestion on the blood lipids and antioxidant activities of rats. The subjects were 28 Sprague Dawley male rats, and they were assigned into four groups (n=7, respectively): the control group (CON), the exercise group (EXE), the vinegar ingestion group (VIN), and the vinegar ingestion and exercise training group (VINEXE). The diet was based on high fat and oral administration of oak tree wood vinegar. The rats that were not given oak tree wood vinegar were given the same amount of distilled water orally in order to maintain the same level of stress. They were exercise trained on motor-driven treadmills during a four-week session. Weight changes in the VINEXE were significantly inhibited in the later period of exercise, when compared to the CON (p<0.05). Fat increase was significantly suppressed in VIN and EXE (p<0.05), and a synergistic effect was discovered in the VINEXE (p<0.05). Glucose and ammonia levels were significantly reduced in the EXE, VIN, and VINEXE compared to the CON (p<0.05). In blood lipids, TC and LDL-C were significantly enhanced in the EXE, VIN, and VINEXE compared to the CON (p<0.05), while HDL-C was significantly improved in the EXE and VINEXE (p<0.05). Liver MDA contents showed significant changes in each group (p<0.05), and SOD activities were significantly enhanced in the VIN and the VINEXE when compared to other groups (p<0.05). Therefore, oak tree wood vinegar ingestion with exercise training for four weeks may result in inhibition of weight gain, improvement of blood lipids, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation, contributing to health promotion.
Keywords
Wood vinegar; blood lipids; SOD; MDA; exercise training;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 6  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ogawa, N., H. Satsu, H. Watanabe, M. Fukaya, Y. Tsukamoto, Y. Miyamoto, and M. Shimizu. 2000. Acetic acid suppresses the increase in disaccharidase activity that occurs during culture of caco-2 cells. J. Nutr. 130, 507-513
2 Oh, D. Y., and S. J. Chung. 2007. Effect of antioxidant activities of water-soluble chitosan in oak smoke flavoring. J. Chitin & Chitosan 12, 228-233
3 O'Keefe, J. H, N. M. Gheewala, and J. O. O'Keefe. 2008. Dietary strategies for improving post-prandial glucose, lipids, inflammation, and cardiovascular health. J. Am. ColI. Cardiol. 51, 249-255.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Ostman, E., Y. Granfeldt, L. Persson, and I. Bjorck. 2005. Vinegar supplementation lowers glucose and insulin responses and increases satiety after a bread meal in healthy subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 59, 983-988   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Pomare, E. W., W. J. Branch, and J. H. Cummings. 1985. Carbohydrate fermentation in the human colon and its relation to acetate concentrations in venous blood. J. Clin. Invest. 75, 1448-1454   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Johnston, C. S., C. M. Kim, and A. J. Buller. 2004. Vinegar improves insulin sensitivity to a high-carbohydrate meal in subjects with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27, 281-282   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Jung, I. S., Y. J. Kim, S. W. Gal, and Y. J. Choi. 2007. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis of oak wood vinegar. J. Life Sci. 17, 105-109
8 Kim, D. H, J. S. Choi, J. H Choo, H C. Song, E. O. Lee, I. C. Kang, J. W. Choi, and S. H Kim. 200la. Study on immunomodulatory and antitumor activity of holyessing. Kor. J. Orient. Med. Physiol. & Pathol. 15, 881-886
9 Kim, P. G. 1996. Subacute toxicity study of refined wood vinegar. Bull. Nature Sci. Yongin Univ. 1, 35-49
10 Fushimi, T., K. Tayama, M. Fukaya, K. Kitakoshi, N. Nakai, Y. Tsukamoto, and Y. Sato. 2001. Acetic acid feeding enhances glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle of rats. J. Nutr. 131, 1973-1977
11 Fushimi, T., K. Tayama, M. Fukaya, K. Kitakoshi, N. Nakai, Y. Tsukamoto, and Y. Sato. 2002. The efficacy of acetic acid for glycogen repletion in rat skeletal muscle after exercise. Int. J. Sports Med. 23, 218-222   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Jeong, c. H. and K. H. Shim. 2002. Nitrite-scavenging and antioxidant of Wood Vinegar. Kor. J. Food Preserv. 9, 351-355
13 Jodai, S., S. Yano, and T. Uehara. 1989. Component of wood vinegar liquors and their smoke flavors. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 35, 555-563
14 Johnston, C. S. 2005. Strategies for healthy weight loss: from vitamin C to the glycemic response. J. Am. ColI. Nutr. 24, 158-165   DOI
15 Johnston, C. S., and A. J. Buller. 2005. Vinegar and peanut products as complementary foods to reduce postprandial glycemia. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 105, 1939-1942   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Van Schaftingen, E., and H G. Hers. 1986. Purification and properties of phosphofructokinase 2/ fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase from chicken liver and from pigeon muscle. Eur. J. Biochem. 159, 359-365   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Saitoh, K. 1978. Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method. Clinica Chimica Acta 90, 37-43   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Shen, Y., S. Chen, and C. Wang. 2007. Contribution of tomato phenolics to antioxidation and down-regulation of blood lipids. J. Agri. Food Chem. 55, 6475-6481   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Tagliazucchi, D. 2005. Vinegar poluphenol increase the proteolysis and decrease the oxidative stress during digestion by pepsin, Book of Abstract, International Symposium of Vinegar and Acetic acid bacteria, Reggio Emilia, Italy, pp. 83, www.vinegar2005.com
20 Vince, A, M. Killingley, and O. M. Wrong. 1978. Effect of lactulose on ammonia production in a fecal incubation system. Gastroenterology 74, 544-549
21 Lo, S., J. c. RusseL and A W. Taylor. 1970. Determination of glycogen in small tissues. J. Appl. Physiol. 28, 234-236
22 Lowry, O. H, N. J. Rosenbrough, A l. Farr, and R. J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. BioI. Chem. 193, 265-275
23 Marklund, S. L., P. M. Andersen, L. Forsgren, P. Nilsson, P. I. Ohlsson, G. Wikander, and A Oberg. 1997. Normal binding and reactivity of copper in mutant superoxide dismutase isolated from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. J. Neurochem. 69, 675-681   DOI   ScienceOn
24 McGarry, J. D. and N. F. Brown. 1997. The mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase system. From concept to molecular analysis. Eur. J. Biochem. 244, 1-14   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Lee, K. M., G. T. Jeong, and D. H Park. 2004. Study of antimicrobial and DPPH radical scavenger activity of wood vinegar. Kor. J. Biotechnol. 19, 381-384
26 Kim, S. H., T. W. Kwon, Y. S. Lee, M. G. Choung, and G. S. Moon. 2005. A major anti oxidative components and comparison of antioxidative activities in black soybean. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 37, 73-77
27 Kim, Y. H, S. K. Kim, K. S. Kim, and Y. H Lee. 2001b. Composition of constituents of commercial wood vinegar liquor in Korea. J. Kor. Soc. Agri. Chem. Biotechnol. 44, 262-268
28 Lee, J. S., S. M. Jeon, E. M. Park, T. 1. Huh, O. S. Kwon, M. K. Lee, and M. S. Choi. 2003. Cinnamate supplementation enhances hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense systems in high cholesterol-fed rats. J. Med. Food 6, 183-191   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Lee, S. M., S. B. Lee, and M. C. Lee. 2006. The effect of phellinus igmanus extract administration on exercise- performing ability, the level of muscle fatigue and antioxidant system. Kor. J. Exer. Nutr. 10, 173-179
30 Friedewald, W. T., R. I. Levy, and D. S. Fredricson. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without was of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem. 18, 499-506
31 Fushimi, T. and Y. Sato. 2005. Effect of acetic acid feeding on the circadian changes in glycogen and metabolites of glucose and lipid in liver and skeletal muscle of rats. Br. J. Nutr. 94, 714-719   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Fushimi, T., K. Suruga, Y. Oshima, M. Fukiharu, Y. Tsukamoto, and T. Goda. 2006. Dietary acetic acid reduces serum cholesterol and triacylglycerols in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Br. J. Nutr. 95, 916-924   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Cho, W. K. and J. H. Choi. 2007b. Effect of Pyroligneous Liquor on lipid metabolism in serum of CD rats. Kor. J. Nutr. 40, 24-30
34 Bogani, P., C. Galli, M. Villa, and F. Visioli. 2006. Postprandial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of extra virgin oil. Atherosclerosis 190, 181-186   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Chyla, M. and 1. Vrzgula. 1978. Intensity of acid-base reactions of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in sheep after intraluminal stress induced by urea and acetic acid. Veterinary Medicine (Praha) 23, 9-18
36 Cho, W. K. and J. H. Choi. 2007a. Effect of Pyroligneous Liquor on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver of CD rats. Kor. J. Nutr. 40, 111-117
37 Crabtree, B., M. J. Gordon, and S. 1. Christie. 1990. Measurement of the rates of acetyl-CoA hydrolysis and synthesis from acetate in rat hepatocytes and the role of these fluxes in substrate cycling. Biochem. J. 270, 219-225