Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2009.19.11.1568

Cardiovascular Responses over the Time Course during Muscle Group III Stimulation in Prehypertensive Individuals  

Park, Won-Il (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University)
Park, Si-Young (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University)
Choi, Hyun-Min (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University)
Lee, Joon-Hee (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University)
Jeon, Jong-Mok (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University)
Kim, Jong-Kyung (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University)
Shim, Jae-Kun (Department of Kinesiology, Maryland University)
Nho, Ho-Sung (Department of Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.19, no.11, 2009 , pp. 1568-1574 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether group III muscle afferents play an important role eliciting abnormal blood pressure response mediated during passive muscle stretch in prehypertensive individuals. Eleven middle-aged prehypertensive men (average BP 133/80 mmHg) and nine middle-aged normotensive men (average BP 119/74 mmHg) participated in this study. After 1 min rest baseline data collection, the subject's foot was flexed (dorsiflexion) by an automated cybex for one minute. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were continuously measured on a beat-by-beat basis from a finger via a Finapres device for 1 minute. To evaluate the role of mechanoreflex, a component of exercise pressor reflex, SBP, DBP, and MAP responses over the course of time were examined. The results showed that the pressor response mediated by the muscle mechanoreflex was faster in prehypertensive individuals compared to the normotensive individuals. The substantial pressor response was observed within mean 20 sec of the onset of passive stretch in prehypertension, while mean 45 sec in normotension (p<0.05). It is concluded that excessive pressor response produced during exercise in prehypertension may be due to the dysfunction of the mechano-receptors.
Keywords
Prehypertension; exercise pressor response; passive muscle stretch;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Stebbins, C. L., B. Brown, D. Levin, and J. C. Longhurst. 1988. Reflex effect of skeletal muscle mechanoreceptor stimulation on the cardiovascular system. J. Appl. Physiol. 65, 1539-1547
2 The seventh report of the joint national committe on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. 2004. J. A. M. A. 289, 2560-2572   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Vasan, R. S., M. G. Larson, E. P. Leip, W. B. KanneL and D. Levey. 2001. Assessment of frequency of progression to hypertension in nonhypertensive participants in the Framingham Heart Study: a cohort study. Lancet 358, 1682-1686   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Wilson, L. B., P. T. WalL J. A. Pawelczyk, and K. Matsukawa. 1994. Cardiorespi-ratory and phrenic nerve responses to graded muscle stretch in anesthe-tized cats. Respir. Physiol. 98, 251-266   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Williamson, J. W., J. H. MitchelL H. L. Olesen, P. B. Raven, and N. H. Secher. 1994. Reflex increase in blood pressure induced by leg compression in man. J. Physiol. 475, 351-357   DOI
6 MiddleKauff, H. R., J. Chiu, M. A. Hamilton, G. C. Fonarow, W. R. Maclellan, A. Hage, J. D. Moriguchi, and J. Patel. 2004. Muscle mechanoreceptor sensitivity in heart failure. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 287, H1937-H1943   DOI   ScienceOn
7 PaintaL A. S. 1960. Functional analysis group III afferent fibres of mammalian muscles. J. Physiol. 152, 250-270   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Middlekauff, H. R., E. U. Niztsche, C. K. Hoh, M. A. Hamilton, G. C. Fonarow, A. Hage, and J. D. Moriguchi. 2001. Exaggerated muscle mechanoreflex control of reflex renal vasoconstriction in heart failure. J. Appl. Physiol. 90, 1714-1719
9 Mitchell J. H. 1985. Cardiovascular control during exercise: central and reflex neural mechanisms. Circulation 55, 34D-41D
10 Nobrega, A. C. and C. G. Araujo. 1993. Heart rate transient at the onset of active and passive dynamic exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 25, 37-41   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Potts, J. T. and J. H. Mitchell. 1998. Rapid resetting of carotid baroreceptor reflex by afferent input from skeletal muscle receptors. Am. J. Physiol. 275, H2000-H2008
12 Raven, P. B., P. J. FadeL and S. Ogoh. 2006. Arterial baroreflex resetting during exercise: a current perspective. Exp. Physiol. 91, 37-49   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Rowell, L. B. 1993. Human Cardiovascular Control. Oxford, UK: Oxford Uni-versity Press
14 Rowell, L. B. and D. S. O'Leary. 1990. Reflex control of the circulation during exercise: chemoreflexes and mechanoreflexes. J. Appl. Physiol. 69, 407-418   DOI
15 Smith, S. A., M. A. Williams, A. K. Leal, J. H. Mitchell, and M. G. Garry. 2006. Exercise pressor reflex function is altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 15, 1009-1020   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Kiveloff, B. and O. Huber. 1971. Brief maximal isometric exercise in hypertension. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 19, 1006-1012
17 Lind, A. R., S. H. Taylor, P. W. Humphreys, B. M. Kennelly, and K. W. Donald. 1964. The circulatory effects of sustained voluntary muscle contraction. Clin. Sci. 27, 229-244
18 Kim, J. K., S. G. Hayes, A. E. Kindig, and M. P. Kaufman. 2007. Thin-fiber mechanoreceptors reflexly increase renal sympathetic nerve activity during static contraction. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Cire. Physiol. 292, H866-H873
19 Kokkinos, P. F., P. E. Andreas, E. Coutoulakis, J. A. Colleran, P. Narayan, C. O. Dotson, W. Choucair, C. Farmer, and B. Fernhall. 2002. Determinants of exercise blood pressure response in normotensive and hypertensive women: role of cardiorespiratory fitness. J. Cardio. Rehab. 22, 178-183   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Li, J., A. N. Sinoway, Z. Gao, M. D. Maile, M. Pu, and L. I. Sinoway. 2004. Muscle mechanoreflex and metaboreflex responses after myocardial infarction in rats. Circulation 110, 3049-3054   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Liszka, H. A., A. G. Mainous IlI, D. A. King, C. J. Everett, and B. M. Egan. 2005. Prehypertension and cardiovascular morbidity. Ann. Fam. Med. 3, 294-299   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Mense, S. and M. Stahnke. 1983. Responses in muscle afferent fibers of slow conduction velocity to contractions and ischemia in the cat. J. Physiol. 342, 383-397   DOI
23 Kelley, G. A. and K. S. Kelley. 2000. Progressive resistance exercise and resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension 35, 838-843   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Kelley G. A., K. S. Kelley, and Z. V. Tran. 2001. Aerobic exercise and resting blood pressure; a meta-analytic review of randomized, controlled trials. Prevo Cardiol. 4, 73-80   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Kaufman, M. P. and H. V. Forster. 1996. Reflexes controlling circulatory, venti-Iatory, and airway responses to exercise. In: Handbook of Physiology. Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple systems. Control of Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc. sect. 12, Vol. II, chapt. 10, pp. 381-447
26 Herr, M. D., V. Imadojemu, A. R. Kunselman, and L. I. Sinoway. 1999. Charcteristics of the muscle mechanoreflex during quadriceps contractions in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 86, 767-772
27 Iellamo, F., J. M. Legramante, G. Raimondi, and G. Peruzzi. 1997. Baroreflex control of sinus node during dynamic exercise in humans: effects of central command and muscle reflexes. Am. J. Physiol. 272, H1157-H1164
28 Julius, S., K. Jamerson, A. Mejia, L. Krause, N. Schork, and K. Jones. 1990. The association of borderline hypertension with target organ changes and higher coronary risk: Tecumseh Blood Pressure Study. J. A. M. A. 264, 354-358   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Kaufman, M. P. and S. G. Hayes. 2002. The exercise pressor reflex. Clin. Auton. Res. 12, 429-439   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Kaufman, M. P., J. C. Longhurst, K. J. Rybicki, J. H. Wallach, and J. H. Mitchell. 1983. Effects of static muscular contraction on impulse activity of groups III and N afferents in cats. J. Appl. Physiol. 55, 105-112
31 Kaufman, M. P. and K. J. Rybicki. 1987. Discharge properties of group III and N muscle afferents: their responses to mechanical and metabolic stimuli. Cire. Res. 61, 160-165
32 Kazatani, Y., M. Hamada, Y. Shigenatsu, K. Hiwada, and T. Kokubu. 1995. Beneficial effect of a long-term antihypertensive therapy on blood pressure response to isometric hand grip exercise in patients with essential hypertension. Am. J. Ther. 2, 165-169   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Cui, J., C. Blaha, R. Moradkhan, K S. Gray, and L. I. Sinoway. 2006. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity responses to dynamic passive muscle stretch in humans. J. Physiol. 576, 625-634   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Brum, P. C., G. J. Da silva, E. D. Moreira, F. Ida, C. E. Negrao, and E. M. Krieger. 2000. Exercise training increases baroreceptor gain sensitivity in normal and hypertensive rats. Hypertension 36, 1018-22   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Bull, R. K., C. T. Davies, A. R. Lind, and M. White. 1989. The human pressor response during and following voluntary and evoked isometric contraction with occluded local blood supply. J. Physiol. 411, 63-70   DOI
36 Coote, J. H., S. M. Hilton, and J. F. Perez-Gonzalez. 1971. The reflex nature of the pressor response to muscular exercise. J. Physiol. 215, 789-804   DOI
37 Fagard, R. H. 2001. Exercise characteristics and the blood pressure response to dynamic physical training. Med. Sci. Sports Exere. 33, S484-S492   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Gladwell, V. F. and J. H. Coote. 2002. Heart rate at the onset of muscle contraction and during passive muscle stretch in humans: a role for mechanoreceptors. J. Physiol. 540, 1095-1102   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Gaffney, F. A., E. R. ThaI, W. F. Taylor, B. C. Bastian, J. A Weigelt, J. M. Atkins, and G. G. Blomqvist. 2002. Heart rate at the onset of muscle contraction and during passive muscle stretch in humans: a role for mechanoreceptors. J. Physiol. 540, 1095-1102   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Hayes, S. G. and M. P. Kaufman. 2001. Gadolinium attenuates exercise pressor reflex in cats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Cire. Physiol. 280, H2153-H2161
41 Alam, M. and F. H. Smirk. 1937. Observations in man upon a blood pressure raising reflex arising from the voluntary muscles. J. Physiol. 89, 372-383   DOI
42 Hayes, S. G., A. E. Kindig, and M. P. Kaufman. 2005. Compari-son between the effect of static contraction and tendon stretch on the discharge of group III and N muscle afferents. J. Appl. Physiol. 99, 1891-1896   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Ansorge, E. J., R. A. Augustyniak, M. L. Perinot, R. L. Hammond, J. K. Kim, J. A. Sala-Mercado, J. Rogriguez, N. F. Rossi, and D. S. O'Leary. 2005. Altered muscle metaboreflex control of coronary blood flow and ventricular function in heart failure. Am. J. Appl. Physiol. Heart. Cire. Physiol. 280, H1381-H1388