Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2008.18.9.1177

Mechanism of Apoptosis Induced by Spermine in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells  

Jang, Eun-Seong (Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University)
Kim, Byeong-Gee (Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.18, no.9, 2008 , pp. 1177-1185 More about this Journal
Abstract
In the present work, we show that spermine (spm)-induced cytotoxicity is due to the mitochondrial-dependent pathway triggered by the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Spm induced the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase in a dose-dependent manner in the medium containing 1.5 mM $Ca^{2+}$. Even in the $Ca^{2+}$-free medium, spm could induce a minor $Ca^{2+}$ increase in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting a probable leak from the internal storage. The cytotoxic effect of $Ca^{2+}$ could be further proved by using either BAPTA or ionophore. Spm-induced $Ca^{2+}$ increase led to the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and the change of mitochondrial membrane potential. In MCF-7 cells, caspase-7 plays a key role in the downstream of apoptosis because caspase-3 is absent. In the cells treated with spm, the cleavage of caspase-7 and -12 was increased almost two-fold. The level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein decreased to 35% of the control; however, the cells showed increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein about two-fold in response to spm. These results imply that the apoptotic signaling pathway activated by spm is likely to be mediated via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway.
Keywords
Apoptosis; calcium; cytochrome c; MCF-7; spermine;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Thomas, T. and T. J. Thomas. 2001. Polyamines in cell growth and cell death: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 58, 244-258.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Twiddy, D., G. M. Cohen, M. MacFarlane and K. Cain. 2006. Caspase-7 is directly activated by ${\sim}$700 kDa apoptosime complex and is released as a stable XIAP-caspase-7 ${\sim}$ 200 kDa complex. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 3876-3888.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Wang, R., C. Xu, W. Zhao, J. Zhang, K. Cao, B. Yang and L. Wu. 2003. Calcium and polyamine regulated calcium-sensing receptors in cardiac tissues. Eur. J. Biochem. 270, 2680-2688.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Wei, G, K. DeFeo, C. S. Hayes, P. M. Wester, L. Mandik-Nayak and S. K. Gilmour. 2008. Elevated ornithine decarboxylase levels activate ataxia telangiectasia mutated-DNA damage signaling in normal keratinocytes. Cancer Res. 68, 2214-2222.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Zong, W. X., C. Li, G. Hatzivassiliou, T. Lindsten, Q. C. Yu, J. Yuan and C. B. Thompson. 2003. Bax and Bak can localize to the endoplasmic reticulum to initiate apoptosis, J. Cell BioI. 162, 59-69.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Lenzen, S., W. Munster and I. Rustenbeck. 1992. Dual effect of spermine on mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ transport. Biochem. J. 286, 597-602.
7 Nutt, L. K., A. Pataer, J. Pahler, B. Fang, J. Roth, D. J. McConkey and S. G. Swisher. 2002. Bax and bak promote apoptosis by modulating endoplasmic reticular and mitochondrial calcium stores. J. BioI. Chem. 277, 9219-9225.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Pacher, P. and G. Hajnoczky. 2001. Propagation of the apoptotic signal by mitochondrial waves. EMBO J. 20, 4107-4121.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Pignatti, C., B. Tantini, C. Stefanelli and F. Flamigni. 2004. Signal transduction pathways linking polyamines to apoptosis. Amino Acids 27, 359-365.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Rossi, A. M., G. Picotto, A. R. de Boland and R. L. Boland. 2002. Evidence on the operation of ATP-induced capacitative calcium entry in breast cancer cells and its blockade by 17 beta-estradiol. J. Cell Biochem. 87, 324-333.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Salvi, M. and A. Toninello, 2004. Effects of polyamines on mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ transport. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1661, 113-124   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Schendel, S. L., Z. Xie, M. O. Montal, S. Mastumyama, M. Mental and J. C. Reed. 1997. Channel formation by antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Prog. Biophys. Mol. BioI. 64, 5113-5118.
13 Schipper, R. G., L. C. Penning and A. A. Verhofstad. 2000. Involvement of polyamines in apoptosis, Facts and controversies: effectors or protectors? Cancer BioI. 10, 55-68.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Boatright, K. M. and G. S. Salvensen. 2003. Mechanisms of caspase activation. Curr. Opinion Cell BioI. 15, 725-731.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Stefanelli, C., F. Bonavita, I. Stanic, M. Mignani, A. Facchini, C. Pignatti, F. Flamigni and C. Caldarera, 1998. Spermine causes caspase activation in leukaemia cells. FEBS Lett. 437, 233-236.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Stefanelli, C., F. Bonavita, I. Stante, C. Pignatti, F. Flamigni, C. Guarnieri and C. Caldarera, 1999. Spermine triggers the activation of caspase-3 in a cell-free model of apoptosis. FEBS Lett. 451, 95-98.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Baffy, G,, T. Miyashita, J. R. Williamson and J. C. Reed. 1993. Apoptosis induced by withdrawal of interleukin-3 (IL-3) from an IL-3 dependent hematopoietic cell line is associated with repartitioning of intracellular calcium and is blocked by enforced Bcl-2 oncoprotein production. J. BioI. Chem. 268, 6511-6519.
18 Demaurex, N. and C. Distelhorst. 2003. Apoptosis-the calcium connection. Science 300, 65-67.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Hajnoczky, G, E. Davis and M. Medesh. 2003. Calcium signaling and apoptosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 304, 445-454.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Han, L., C. Xu, C. Jiang, H. Li, W. Zhang, Y. Zhao, L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W. Zhao and B. Yang. 2007. Effects of polyamines on apoptosis induced by simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Cell BioI. Int. 31, 1345-1352.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Harman, A. W. and M. J. Maxwell. 1995. An evaluation of the role of calcium in cell injury. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 35, 129-144.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Janicke, R. U., M. L. Sprengart, M. R. Wati and A. G. Porter. 1998. Caspase-3 is required for DNA fragmentation and morphological changes associated with apoptosis. J. BioI. Chem. 273, 9357-9360.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Averill-Bates, D. A., Q. Ke, A Tanel, J. Roy, G. Fortier and E. Agostinelli. 2008. Mechanism of cell death induced by spermine and amine oxidase in mouse melanoma cells. Int. J. Oncol. 32, 79-88.
24 Kroemer, G. and J. C. Reed. 2000. Mitochondrial control of cell death. Nat. Med. 6, 513-519.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Lambert, P. A., K. D. Somers, E. C. Kohn and R. R. Perry. 1997. Antiproliferative and antiinvasive effects of carboxyamidotriazole on breast cancer lines. Surgery 122, 372-378.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Lee, W. J., S. J. Robert-Thomson, N. A. Holman, F. J. May, G. M. Lehrbach and G. R. Monteith. 2002. Expression of plasma membrane calcium pump isoform mRNA in breast cancer cell lines. Cell Signal. 14, 1015-1022.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Arancia, G., A. Calcabrini, M. Marra, P. Crateri, M. Artico, A Martone, F. Martelli and E. Agostinelli. 2004. Mitochondrial alterations induced by serum amine oxidase and spermine on human multidrug resistant tumor cells. Amino Acids 26, 273-282.