Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2008.18.8.1066

Effects of Drying Conditions on the Profile of Volatile Terpenoid and Colour of Schizandra Fruit(Schizandra Chinensis fructus)  

Kim, Yun-Je (School of Applied Life Science, Pusan National University)
Lee, Young-Guen (School of Applied Life Science, Pusan National University)
Choi, Young-Whan (School of Life Source Science, Pusan National University)
Kim, Yong-Chul (School of Life Source Science, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.18, no.8, 2008 , pp. 1066-1071 More about this Journal
Abstract
Schizandra fruit (Schizandra chinensis fructus) were dried by three processes, $50^{\circ}C$ (50HAD), $70^{\circ}C$ hot air (70HAD) and freeze drying process (FRD). Terpenoid were collected by SDE(Simultaneous Steam Distillation-Extraction) and followed by GC-MSD analysis. Also colour profile of each dried samples were measured by Hunter colorimeter. From fresh schizandra fruit, were detected 15 kinds of monoterpene, 28 kinds of sesquiterpene and 7 kinds of terpene alcohol. Myrcene(56.97 ${\mu}g/g$) and ${\gamma}$-terpinene(58.49 ${\mu}g/g$) were the major monoterpenes, ${\beta}$-elemene(120.16 ${\mu}g/g$), ${\alpha}$-bergamotene (103.45 ${\mu}g/g$), ${\gamma}$-selinene (75.97 ${\mu}g/g$), ${\beta}$-cubebene(66.69 ${\mu}g/g$), aristolene (51.25 ${\mu}g/g$) and ${\alpha}$-ylangene(28.06 ${\mu}g/g$) were the sesquiterpenes, and T-muurolol (96.45 ${\mu}g/g$) and terpinen-4-ol(46.02 ${\mu}g/g$) were the terpene alcohols. The dried samples lost more than half of terpenoid content of fresh schizandra fruit during early stage of drying process, and then the level of terpenoid content was not significantly changed. The content of sesquiterpenes appeared to increase until 6 day of FRD. The amount of residual terpene alcohols contained in schizandra fruit dried by FRD was more than those remained after drying by other processes, and schizandra fruit dried by 70HAD exhibited the least residual terpene alcohols. Brightness parameter $L^{\ast}$ decreased with the rise in the level of drying temperature, to which redness parameter $a^{\ast}$ and yellowness $b^{\ast}$ appeared to be similar.
Keywords
Schizandra fruit; terpenoid; drying process; colour;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Hikino, H., Y. Kiso, H. Taguchi and Y. Ikeya. 1984. Antihepatotoxic actions of lignoids from Schizandra chinensis fruits. Planta Medica. 50, 213-217   DOI   ScienceOn
2 John, W. 1980. Developments in food colour-1. pp. 27-45. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London
3 Juergens, U. R., M. Stober, L. Schmidt-Schilling, T. Kleuver and H. Vetter. 1998. Antiinflammatory effects of eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) in bronchial asthma: inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood monocytes ex vivo. Eur. J. Med. Res. 3, 407-412
4 Kim, Y. S., Y. S. Park and M. H. Lim. 2003. Antimicrobial activity of Prunus mume and Schizandra chinensis H-20 extracts and effects on quality of functional Kochujang. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 35, 893-897
5 Lahlou, S., L. F. Leal-Interaminense, J. H. Leal-Cardoso and G. P. Duarte. 2003. Antihypertensive effects of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet and its main constituent, terpinen- 4-ol, in DOCA-salt hypertensive conscious rats. Blackwell Publishing Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 17, 323-330   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Lee, J. S. and S. W. Lee. 1990. Effect of extracts in fruits of Omija (Schizandra chinensis baillon) on alcohol metabolism. Korean J. Diet. Culture 5, 259-263
7 Lee, L. S. and J. W. Rhim. Thermal kinetics color changes of purple sweet potato anthocyanin pigment. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 29, 497-501
8 Lee, M. S. and H. S. Choi. 1996. Volatile flavor components of Capsella bursa-pastoris as influenced by drying methods. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 28, 814-821
9 Li, X., G. Wang, H. Ding, C. Cunnigham, F. Chen, D. C. Flynn, E. Reed and Q. Q. Li. 2005. Antiproliferative effect of $\beta$-elemene in chemoresistant ovarian carcinoma cells is mediated through arrest of the cell cycle at the G2-M phase. Cellular & Molecular Life Sci. 62, 894-904   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Nakajima, K., H. Taguchi, Y. Ikeya, T. Endo and I. Yosioka. 1983. The constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baillon. XIII. Quantitative analysis of lignans in the fruits of Schizandra chinensis Baillon by high performance liquid chromatography. Japan J. Pharm. Soc. 103, 743-749   DOI
11 Peng, X., Y. Zhao, X. Liang, L. Wu, S. Cui, A. Guo and W. Wang. 2006. Assessing the quality of RCTs on the effect of $\beta$-elemene, one ingredient of a Chinese herb, against malignant tumors. Contemporary Clinical Trials 27, 70-82   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Santos, F. A. and V. S. N. Rao. 2001. 1,8-cineole, a food flavoring agent, prevents ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Dig. Dis. Sci. 46, 331-337   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Kil, B. S., K. W. Yun, S. Y. Lee and D. M. Han. 1994. Influence of chemicals from Artemisia argyi on the growth of selected species of plants and microorganisms. Korean J. Ecol. 17, 23-35
14 Carson, C. F. and T. V. Riley. 1995. Antimicrobial activity of the major components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 78, 264-269   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Flora, L. F. 1976 . Time temperature on 'Muscadin' grape juice quality. J. Food Sci. 41, 1312-1316   DOI
16 Oh, S. L., S. S. Kim, B. Y. Min and D. H. Chung. 1990. Composition of free sugars, free amino acids, non-volatile oraganic acids and tannins in the extracts of L. chinensis M., A. acutiloba K., S. chinensis B. and A. sessiliflorum S. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 22, 76-81
17 Im, M. H., Y. K. Yoo and Y. S. Park. 2003. Effects of drying conditions on changes of flower olor and diameter in Gerbera hybrida after drting. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 44, 102-106
18 Song, C. E., Y. J. Park and B. G. Heo. 2001. Stability of anthocyanins from flowers of Lycoris radiata as natural colorants. J. Life Sci. Nat. Res. 23, 27-32
19 Hart, P. H., C. Brand, C. F. Carson, T. V. Riley, R. H. Prager and J. J. Finlay-Jones. 2000. Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil), suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. Inflamm. Res. 49, 619-626   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Lahlou, S., A. F. Figueiredo, P. J. Caldas Magalhães and J. H. Leal-Cardoso. 2002. Cardiovascular effects of 1,8-cineole, a terpenoid oxide present in many plant essential oils, in normotensive rats. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 80, 1125-1131   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Berns, R. S. 2001. Principles of color technology. pp. 82-87, 3rd eds., John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York
22 Kim, O. C. and H. J. Jang. 1994. Volatile components of Schizandra chinensis Baillon. Korean J. Agric. Chem. & Biotech. 39, 30-36
23 Lee, J. S. and S. W. Lee. 1989. A study on the compositions of free sugars, lipids, and nonvolatile organic acids in parts of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon). Korean J. Diet Culture 4, 177-179
24 Jung, G. T., I. O. Ju, J. S. Choi and J. S. Hong. 2000. The antioxidative, antimicrobial and nitrite scavenging effects of Schizandra chinensis RUPRECHT (Omija) seed. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 32, 928-935
25 Kim, K. S., J. S. Song and J. K. Bang. 2000. Changes in volatile compounds of Schizandra chinensis fruits according to drying and extracting methods. Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. 8, 49-57
26 Edwards, P. B., W. J. Wanjura and W. V. Brown. 1993. Selective herbivory by Christmas beetles in response to intraspecific variation in Eucalyptus terpenoids. Oecologia 95, 551-557   DOI
27 Koller, W. D. 1988. Problems with the flavour of herbs and spices. In Frontiers of Flavor. Proceeding of the 5th international flavor conference. Charalambous, G. (Ed.), Elsevier Science Publishers Co., Inc., Amsterdam, Netherlands. 123
28 Southwell, I. A., A. J. Hayes, J. L. Markham and D. N. Leach. 1993. The search for optimally bioactive Australian tea tree oil. Acta. Hortic. 334, 265-275
29 Wang, G., X. Li, F. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Ding, C. Cunningham, J. E. Coad, D. C. Flynn, E. Reed and Q. Q. Li. 2005. Antitumor effect of $\beta$-elemene in non-small-cell lung cancer cells is mediated via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Cellular & Molecular Life Sci. 62, 881-893
30 Ponting, J. D., D. W. Sanshuck and J. E. Brekke. 1960. Color measurement and deterioration in grape and berry juices and concentrates. Food Res. 25, 471-476   DOI
31 Lee, J. Y., Y. K. Min and H. Y. Kim. 2001. Isolation of antimicrobial substance from Schizandra chinensis Baillon and antimicrobial effect. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 33, 389-394
32 Jang, E. H., Y. H. Pyo and M. S. Ahn. 1996. Antioxidant effect of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) extracts. Korean J. Soc. Food Sci. 12, 372-376
33 Kim, H. K., G. M. Na, S. H. Ye and H. S. Han. 2004. Extraction characteristics and antioxidative activity of Schizandra chinensis extracts. Korean J. Food Culture 19, 484-490
34 Calcabrini, A., A. Stringaro, L. Toccacieli, S. Meschini, M. Marra, M. Colone, G. Salvatore, F. Mondello, G. Aracia and A. Molinari. 2004. Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil inhibits the in vitro growth of human melanoma cells. J. Invest. Dermatol. 122, 349-360   DOI   ScienceOn