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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2006.16.3.546

Chemical Composition and Antitumor Apoptogenic Activity of Methylene Chloride Extracts from the Leaves of Zanthoxylum schinifolium  

Kim Jun-Seok (Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Jun Do-Youn (Institute of Genetic Engineering Kyungpook National University)
Woo Mi-Hee (Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu)
Rhee In-Koo (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Kim Young-Ho (Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.16, no.3, 2006 , pp. 546-554 More about this Journal
Abstract
To understand antitumor activity of Zanthoxylum schinfolium, which has been used as an aromatic and medicinal plant in Korea, the cytotoxic effect of various organic solvent extracts of its leaves on human tumor cells were investigated. Among these extracts such as methanol extract (SL-13), methylene chloride extract (SL-14), ethyl acetate extract (SL-15), n-butanol extract (SL-16), and residual fraction (SL-17), SL-14 appeared to contain the most cytotoxic activity against leukemia and breast cancer cells tested. The methylene chloride extra.1 (SL-14) possessed an apoptogenic activity causing apoptotic DNA fragmentation of human acute leukemia Jurkat T cells via mitochondrial cytochrome c release into cytoplasm, subsequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cleavage of PARP, which could be negatively regulated by antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. The GC-MS analysis of SL-14 revealed that the twenty-two ingredients of SL-14 were 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol (15.1%), 2-a-methyl-17, b-hop-21-ene (15.1%), 15-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H benzazepin (11.95%), phytol (10.38%), lupeol (9.92%), 12-methylbenzofuran (8.23%), hexadecanoic acid (5.96%), cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid-methyl-ester (5.49%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid-methylester (3.59%), 15-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-2-(4-nitrophenyl) (3.36%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (1.93%), vitamine E (1.88%), beta-amyrin (0.96%), and auraptene (0.89%). These results demonstrate that the cytotoxicity of the methylene chloride extract of the leaves of Z. schinifolium toward Jurkat T cells is mainly attributable to apoptosis mediated by mitochondria-dependent caspase cascade regulated by Bcl-xL, and provide an insight into the mechanism underlying antitumor activity of the edible plant Z. schinifolium.
Keywords
Zanthoxylum schinifolium; methylene chloride extract; antitumor cytotoxicity; mitochondria-dependent apoptosis; GC-MS analysis;
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