Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2006.16.3.534

Evaluation of Cryptosporidiurn Disinfection by Ozone and Ultraviolet Irradiation Using Viability and Infectivity Assays  

Park Sang-Jung (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Cho Min (School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University)
Yoon Je-Yong (School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University)
Jun Yong-Sung (Incheon City Water Quality Research Institute of Water Works Headquarter)
Rim Yeon-Taek (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Jin Ing-Nyol (Department of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University)
Chung Hyen-Mi (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.16, no.3, 2006 , pp. 534-539 More about this Journal
Abstract
In the ozone disinfection unit process of a piston type batch reactor with continuous ozone analysis using a flow injection analysis (FIA) system, the CT values for 1 log inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum by viability assays of DAPI/PI and excystation were $1.8{\sim}2.2\;mg/L{\cdot}min$ at $25^{\circ}C$ and $9.1mg/L{\cdot}min$ at $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. At the low temperature, ozone requirement rises $4{\sim}5$ times higher in order to achieve the same level of disinfection at room temperature. In a 40 L scale pilot plant with continuous flow and constant 5 minutes retention time, disinfection effects were evaluated using excystation, DAPI/PI, and cell infection method at the same time. About 0.2 log inactivation of Cryptosporidium by DAPI/PI and excystation assay, and 1.2 log inactivation by cell infectivity assay were estimated, respectively, at the CT value of about $8mg/L{\cdot}min$. The difference between DAPI/PI and excystation assay was not significant in evaluating CT values of Cryptosporidium by ozone in both experiment of the piston and the pilot reactors. However, there was significant difference between viability assay based on the intact cell wall structure and function and infectivity assay based on the developing oocysts to sporozoites and merozoites in the pilot study. The stage of development should be more sensitive to ozone oxidation than cell wall intactness of oocysts. The difference of CT values estimated by viability assay between two studies may partly come from underestimation of the residual ozone concentration due to the manual monitoring in the pilot study, or the difference of the reactor scale (50 mL vs 40 L) and types (batch vs continuous). Adequate If value to disinfect 1 and 2 log scale of Cryptosporidium in UV irradiation process was 25 $mWs/cm^2$ and 50 $mWs/cm^2$, respectively, at $25^{\circ}C$ by DAPI/PI. At $5^{\circ}C$, 40 $mWs/cm^2$ was required for disinfecting 1 log Cryptosporidium, and 80 $mWs/cm^2$ for disinfecting 2 log Cryptosporidium. It was thought that about 60% increase of If value requirement to compensate for the $20^{\circ}C$ decrease in temperature was due to the low voltage low output lamp letting weaker UV rays occur at lower temperatures.
Keywords
Cryptosporidium; disinfection; ozone; UV; DAPI/PI; in vitro excystation; cell infection;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Campbell, A. T., L. J. Robertson and H. V. Smith. 1992. Viability of Cryptosporidium parvum outcasts: Correlation of in vitro excystation with inclusion or exclusion of fluorogenic vital dyes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 3488-3493
2 Clesceri, L. S., A. E. Greenberg and A. D. Eaton. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. pp. 4-137-4-139, 20th eds., APHA, AWWA, WEF
3 Korich, D. G., J. R. Mead, M. S. Madore, N. A. Sinclair and C. R. Sterling. 1990. Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 1423-1428
4 Min, C., H. S. Kim, S. H. Cho and J. Yoon. 2003. Investigation of ozone reaction in river waters causing instantaneous ozone demand. Ozone Science & Engineering 25, 251-259   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Mackenzie, W., M. Neil, N. Hoxie, M. Proctor, M. Gradus, K. Blair, D. Peterson, J. Kazmierczak, D. Adiss, K. Fox, J. Rose and J. Davis. 1994. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N. Engl. J. Med. 331, 161   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Slifco, T. R., D. E. Huffman and J. B. Rose. 1999. A mostprobable- number assay for enumeration of infectious Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 3936-3941
7 Bukhari, Z., M. M. Marshall, D. G. Korich, C. R. Fricker, H. V. Smith, J. Rosen and J. L. Clancy. 2000. Comparison of Cryptosporidium parvum viability and infectivity assays following ozone treatment of oocysts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 2972-2980   DOI
8 Michael, B. J., J. A. Lynne, D. B. Dwight, J. W. Mark and C. G. William. 1997. Assessment of a dye permeability assay for determination of inactivation rates of Cryptosporidium parvum outcasts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 3844-3850
9 Slifko, T. R., D. E. Friedman, J. B. Rose, S. J. Upton and W. Jakubowski. 1996. Unique cultural methods used to detect viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in environmental samples. Water Sci. Technol. 35, 363-368
10 Slifko, T. R., D. Friedman, J. B. Rose and W. Jakubowski. 1997. An in vitro method for detecting infectious Cryptosporidium oocysts with cell culture. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 3669-3675
11 Woodmansee, D. B. 1987. Studies of in vitro excystation of Cryptosporidium parvum from calves. Journal of Protozoology 34, 398-402