Browse > Article

Gynodioecy and floral dimorphism of Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kuprian. (Lamiaceae) in Korea  

Jang, Tae-Soo (Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Biology and Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University)
Hong, Suk-Pyo (Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Biology and Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy / v.41, no.3, 2011 , pp. 202-208 More about this Journal
Abstract
The present study was focused on the careful investigation of Glechoma longituba flowers collected from four populations in Korea to clarify their precise sexual systems. All floral characters of this taxon were examined by using a stereo microscopy. The nutlet size and production were compared between two distinct morphs (i.e., hermaphrodites and females), and pollen viability test of hermaphrodite and intermediate phenotype (i.e., individuals with a mixture of females and perfect flowers) was also observed by light microscopy (LM). All of the investigated floral characters of G. longituba are significantly different from one sexual morph to another. Hermaphroditic plants were larger than the female ones in corolla width and length, calyx length, filament length, anther length, and style length (all P < 0.0001, respectively). However, the nutlet width of the female plants was larger than those of the hermaphrodites (P = 0.013). Nutlet production of females was higher than hermaphrodites in Na-Ju population [H (Hermaphrodite): ca. 17.76%, F (Female): ca. 37.45%], but in Mun-San population was no significant difference between these sexual morphs (H: ca. 57.52%, F: ca. 53.16%). We have found significant differences between the fertile pollen grain of hermaphrodite and sterile pollen grain of intermediate phenotype based on pollen size and viability. The results of the present study suggest that compensation (flower size dimorphism, seed set, and pollen viability) is one of the main mechanisms in order to maintain female plants in gynodioecious G. longituba.
Keywords
Floral dimorphism; Glechoma longituba; Gynodioecy; Lamiaceae; Pollen viability; Reproductive compenstaion;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Agren, J. and M. F. Willson. 1991. Gender variation and sexual differences in reproductive characters and seed production in gynodioecious Geranium maculatum. Am. J. Bot. 78: 470-480.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Bai, Y.-P., Y.-W. Zhang, R. W. Gituru, J.-M. Zhao, and J.-D. Li. 2011. Sexual differences in reproductive characters and pollinator attractiveness in gynodioecious Glechoma longituba (Lamiaceae). Plant Spec. Biol. 26: 33-42.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Baker, H. G. 1948. Corolla-size in gynodioecious and gynomonoecious species of flowering plants. Proc. Leeds Philos. Lit. Soc. 5: 136-139.
4 Charlesworth, B. and D. Charlesworth. 1978. A model for the evolution of dioecy and gynodioecy. Am. Naturalist 112: 975-997.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Darwin, C. R. 1877. The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species. Murray, London.
6 Delph, L. F. 1996. Flower size dimorphism in plants with unisexual flowers. In Floral biology: Studies on floral evolution in animal-pollinated plants. D. G. Lloyd and S. C. H. Barrett (eds.). Chapman and Hall, New York, Pp. 217-237.
7 Delph, L. F. and D. G. Lloyd. 1991. Environmental and genetic control of gender in the dimorphic shrub Hebe subalpina. Evolution 45: 1957-1964.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Eckhart, V. M. 1999. Sexual dimorphism in flowers and inflorescences. In Gender and sexual dimorphism in flowering plants. M. A. Geber, T. E. Dawson and L. F. Delph (eds.). Springer, Berlin. Pp. 123-148.
9 Harley, R. M., S. Atkins, A. L. Budantev, P. D. Cantino, B. J. Conn, R. Grayer, M. M. Harley, R. De Kok, T. Krestovskaja, R. Morales, A. J. Paton, O. Ryding and T. Upson. 2004. Labiatae. In Flowering plants, dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). J. W. Kaderoeit (ed.). Springer, Berlin, Pp. 167-275.
10 Hong, S.-P. and H.-K. Moon. 2003. Gynodioecy in Lycopus maackianus Makino (Lamiaceae) in Korea: floral dimorphism and nutlet production. Flora 198: 461-467.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Jang, T.-S. 2008. Systematics of the genus Glechoma L. and related genera (Nepetinae, Lamiaceae). M.Sci. Thesis, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
12 Jang, T.-S. and S.-P. Hong. 2010. Comparative pollen morphology of Glechoma and Marmoritis (Nepetinae, Lamiaceae). J. Syst. Evol. 48: 464-473.   DOI
13 Kawakubo, N. 1994. Gynodioecy in Cirsium chikushiense Koidz. (Compositae). Ann. Bot. 74: 357-364.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Koelewijn, H. P. and J. M. M. Van Damme. 1996. Gender variation, partial male sterility and labile sex expression in gynodioecious Plantago coronopus. New Phytol. 132: 67-76.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Krohne, D. T., I. Baker and H. G. Baker. 1980. The maintenance of the gynodioecious breeding system in Plantago lanceolata L. Am. Midl. Naturalist 103: 269-279.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Lafuma, L. and S. Maurice. 2006. Reproductive characters in a gynodioecious species, Silene italica (Caryophyllaceae), with attention to the gynomonoecious phenotype. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 87: 583-591.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Lloyd, D. G. and C. J. Webb. 1977. Secondary sex characters in plants. Bot. Rev. 43: 177-216.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Miller, J. S. and D. L. Venable. 2003. Floral morphometrics and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in Lycium (Solanaceae). Evolution 57: 74-86.
19 Owens, S. J. and J. L. Ubera-Jimènez. 1992. Breeding systems in Labiatae. In Advances in Labiate Science. R. M. Harley and T. Reynolds (eds.). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Pp. 257-280.
20 Rodriguez-Riano, T. and A. Dafni. 2007. Pollen-stigma interference in two gynodioecious species of Lamiaceae with intermediate individuals. Ann. Bot. 100: 423-431.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Ross, M. D. 1977. The evolution of gynodioecy and subdioecy. Evolution 32: 174-188.
22 Shykoff, J. A., S. O. Kolokotronis, C. L. Collin and L. V. Manuela. 2003. Effects of male sterility on reproductive traits in gynodioecious plants: a meta-analysis. Oecologia 135: 1-9.
23 Slade, A. J. and M. J. Hutchings. 1989. Within- and between population variation in ramet behaviour in the gynodioecious clonal herb, Glechoma hederacea (Labiatae). Can. J. Bot. 67: 633-639.   DOI
24 Spira, T. P. 1980. Floral parameters, breeding system and pollinator type in Trichostema (Labiatae). Am. J. Bot. 67: 278-284.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Sun, M. and F. R. Ganders. 1986. Female frequencies in gynodioecious populations correlated with selfing rates in hermaphrodites. Am. J. Bot. 73: 1645-1648.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Widen, M. 1992. Sexual reproduction in a clonal gynodioecious herb Glechoma hederacea. Oikos 63: 430-438.   DOI
27 Thompson, J. D., A. G. Rolland and F. Prugnolle. 2002. Genetic variation for sexual dimorphism in flower size within and between populations of gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris. J. Evol. Bio. 15: 362-372.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Ubera-Jiménez, J. L. and P. J. Hidalgo-Fernández. 1992. Temporal Gynodioecy in Rosmarinus officinalis. In Advances in Labiate Science. R. M. Harley and T. Reynolds (eds.). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Pp. 281-289.
29 Van Damme, J. M. N. and W. Van Delden. 1984. Gynodioecy in Plantago lanceolata L. IV. Fitness components of sex types in different life cycle stages. Evolution 38: 1326-1336.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Widen, B. and M. Widén. 1999. Sex expression in the clonal gynodioecious herb Glechoma hederacea (Lamiaceae). Can. J. Bot. 77: 1689-1698.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Zhang, Y.-W., C.-F. Yang and W. R. Gituru. 2008a. Within-season adjustment of sex expression in females and hermaphrodites of the clonal gynodioecious herb Glechoma longituba (Lamiaceae). Ecol. Res. 23: 873-881.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Zhang, Y.-W., Y. Wang, Q. Yu and J.-M. Zhao. 2008b. Sex expression, female frequency, and reproductive output in a gynodioecious clonal herb, Glechoma longituba (Lamiaceae). Plant Ecol. 199: 255-264.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Zhang, Y.-W., J.-M. Zhao and Y. Wang. 2011. The dynamics of pollen removal and deposition, and its effects on sexual phases in a protandrous plant: Glechoma longituba (Lamiaceae). Nord. J. Bot. 29: 105-111.   DOI   ScienceOn